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Phytochemical Constituents of Some Vegetables

Md. Abu Hasan Howlader
Department of Chemistry, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Md. Shamim Iqbal
Department of Chemistry, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

S. M. Sirajul Islam
Department of Chemistry, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

M. A. Quader
Department of Chemistry, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, phlobatannins, flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, sugar molecules, and amino acid distribution in four vegetables of Bangladesh origin belonging to the family of Cucurbitaceae were assessed and compared. The vegetables investigated were Luffa acutangula (Jhingga), Luffa cylindrica (Dhundul), Trichosanthes anguina (Chichingga) and Tricosanthes dioica (Potol. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were present in all the vegetables. Alkaloid was found in T. anguina and T.dioica whereas phlobatannin was absent in all the vegetables. Moreover, the present study reveals the presence of steroids, tannins and cardiac glycosides in L. cylindrica. Glucose was found in all the vegetables while arabinose was present in both T. anguina and T. dioica. Among the amino acids, glycine was present in all vegetable except L. acutangula.

Keywords: Phytochemical constituents, Vegetables

Location: Dhaka University

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Ridge gourd, Snake gourd, Pointed gourd

Objectives:

To find out the phyto-chemical constituents of some vegetables belong to Cucurbitaceae family.

Methodology:

The vegetables were collected from Karwan Bazar, Dhaka. All the samples were identified and voucher specimen that contains identification characteristics of each sample was submitted to the herbarium for future reference. Vegetables were cleaned with water, chopped into small pieces, dried under shade for several days and then dried in an oven at reduced temperature (not more than 38.0 ⁰C) to make it suitable for grinding purpose. After grinding the coarse powder were stored in air-tight container with marking for identification and kept in cool, dark and dry place for future use. Petroleum Ether (PE,40-60⁰C fraction of petrol collected upon distillation), Ethyl Acetate (EA, distilled), methanol, ferric chloride, dil. hydrochloric acid, ammonia solution, acetic anhydride, chloroform, vanillin, conc. sulfuric acid (all of Merck), Dragendroff’s reagent (prepared in lab.), glacial acetic acid, butanol, ethanol(distilled), silver nitrate, sodium hydroxide(Merck), sodium thiosulphate, and ninhydrin (Merck). in separate test tubes in PE, EA, MeOH : water (80:20) . Each test tube was stoppered with cork and allowed to stand for 48 hours with occasional stirring. The extraction was carried out by taking 250.0 g powder of each vegetable in Soxhlet apparatus using three different solvent systems petroleum ether (60-80oC), EA (60-80^oC), MeOH : water (80:20) successively. The extracts were then concentrated by rotary vacuum evaporator and the individual extract was used for investigations. Chemical tests were carried out on the different extracts using standard procedures to identify the constituents as described. Besides, a series of tests like, Test for alkaloids, Test for tannins, Test for phlobatannins, Test for steroids,Test for saponin, Test for flavonoids, Test for terpenoids, Test for cardiac glycosides and Test for amino acids were done.

Source of Information: Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 61(2): 147-151, 2013 (July)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were present in all the vegetables. Alkaloid was found in T. anguina and T.dioica whereas phlobatannin was absent in all the vegetables. Moreover, the present study reveals the presence of steroids, tannins and cardiac glycosides in L. cylindrica. Glucose was found in all the vegetables while arabinose was present in both T. anguina and T. dioica. Among the amino acids, glycine was present in all vegetable except L. acutangula. Presence of essential amino acids also proves the importance of those vegetables as food. Threonine in L. acutangula, phenylalanine in L. cylindrica, and typtophan in T. anguina were found as essential amino acids. In the light of the detection of different important molecules like essential amino acids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, the physicians may find its use to the well being of people.

Knowledge Management: Journal