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Effects of Pesticides Dimecron, Heptachlor and Sevin on Growth of Wheat and Maize

MD. GOLAM KIBRIA
Department of soil science, University of Chittagong

AMINUL ISLAM
Department of soil, water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

SIRAJUL HOQUE
Department of soil, water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

MD. NURUL ISLAM
Department of soil science, Sher-e- Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment with wheat and a field experiment with maize were conducted to study the effects of dimecron, heptachlor and sevin on the growth and nutrient uptake by wheat and maize. Normal dose of dimecron, heptachlor and sevin produced the better straw and grain yields. Uptake of nutrients judged by accumulation in straw and grains was also favourable with normal dose of these pesticides. An increase over normal dose produced deleterious effects.

Keywords: Pesticide, Dimecron, Heptachlor, Sevin, Wheat, Maize

Location: Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insecticide

Objectives:

A study on the effect of some selected pesticides on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat and maize.

Methodology:

Bulk soil sample was collected from the farmland of Shere-e-Bangla Agricultural University (Former Bangladesh Agricultural Institute), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, from a depth ranging from 0-15 cm from the surface on the basis of composite sampling method as suggested by the Soil Survey Staff of the USDA (1993). The soil was air dried, ground and passed through a 2 mm sieve. A pot experiment was conducted in the net house of the Department of Soil Science (currently renamed as Department of Soil, Water & Environment), Dhaka University, to study the effects of dimecron, heptachlor and sevin on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat (variety Agrani). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 13 treatments. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Four kilograms of air-dried soil was taken in each earthen pot of 20 cm height and 15 cm diameter. Dimecron, heptachlor and sevin having four doses of each were applied in the respective pots after 35 days of seedling emergence. The crop was harvested at maturity. Panicles were separated and the plants were oven dried at 65⁰C. Dry weight of the plants were recorded and the samples were ground and stored for chemical analysis. Likewise, the grains were sun dried and their weight were taken for each treatment. The samples were analyzed for total N, P, K, Ca and Mg.A field experiment was also conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University farmland to study the effects of these pesticides on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of maize (variety Barnali). The pH of the soil was 6.1; texture was silt loam; organic matter content was 0.86% and cation exchange capacity was 7.60 cmol kg^-l soil. The content of available N was 45 µg g^-1 and that of P was 13.85 µg g^-1. Ammonium acetate extractable Na, K, Ca and Mg were 0.47, 0.52, 1.23 and 0.40 cmol kg-1 soil, respectively. The results of the chemical analysis indicated the soil is of medium fertility (Karim et. al. 1989). Therefore, the following supplementation of N, P and K were used. For the growth of wheat in pot experiment 100 kg N, 80 kg P₂O₅, and 30 kg K₂O per ha were used, while in field experiment the dose was 100 kg N, 50 kg P₂O₅, 30 kg K₂O and 8 kg S per ha. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with10 treatments (one and a half of the normal dose used in the pot experiment was omitted in this case due to shortage of land). Seeds of maize were sown in plots of 3m×4m size. Dimecron, heptachlor and sevin were applied after 40 days of seedling emergence. The crop was harvested at maturity. Weights of oven dried (65⁰C) straw samples were recorded. The grains were sun-dried and weight taken. Maize plants were also analyzed for total N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Soil pH was measured by Griffin glass electrode pH meter using soil : water ratio of 1:2.5. Particle size distribution was determined by the method of Day (1965) and soil organic matter (wet-oxidation method) and cation exchange capacity of soil by the method of Jackson (1973). Total nitrogen of the plant samples were determined by Kjeldahl method as described by Jackson (1973). Plant materials were digested with H₂SO₄-HClO₄ mixture (Cresser and Parsons 1979) for the determination of P, K, Ca and Mg. Phosphorus in the digest was measured by ascorbic acid blue colour method (Murphy and Riley 1962); K was measured by a Gallenkamp Flame Analyzer; and Ca and Mg were measured by a Hitachi 170-30 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Data were statistically tested by DMRT.

Source of Information: J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci, 27 (2) : 231238, December 2001

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The variations in the uptake of K, Ca and Mg by straw and the accumulation of N. P, K. Ca and Mg in grain of maize as affected by the application of pesticides were statistically significant (P = 0.01), whereas the uptake of N and P by straw of maize was not significant. The effect of dimecron at various doses on the uptake of N, P and K by straw and the accumulation of Ca and Mg in grain of maize were similar with that of the dimecron on the accumulation of nutrients in grain of wheat. The uptake of P, K and ca by straw and the accumulation of N, P, K and Mg in grain decreased with the application of heptachlor beyond the normal dose. The uptake of all the nutrients by straw and accumulation of almost all of the nutrients in grain of maize were better with normal dose than with higher dose of sevin.

Knowledge Management: Journal