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Composting Municipality Waste by Trichoderma and Its Use for Crop Growth and Disease Control

M. Shahiduzzaman
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. B. Meah
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. Moniruzzaman
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

H. A. Begum
Principal Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

S. Islam
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Decomposition of waste by applying Trichoderma harzianum and growth of four different crops on the decomposed municipality waste was studied. Waste materials after collection were separated in degradable and nondegradable parts. Trichoderma harzianum suspension was sprayed in the pit in three layers prepared in a definite size for decomposition of degradable waste. After four weeks of decomposition, the materials were put in the earthen pots maintaining five treatments such as field soil, mixture of 50% decomposed waste and 50% field soil, 100% decomposed waste, mixture of 50% decomposed waste and 50% undecomposed waste and 100% undecomposed waste where seeds of four crop varieties like BAU Begun 1, Tomato (Minto), Chilli (NS 1701) and Indian Spinach (BARI 1) were sown and their growth were studied from germination upto fruiting stage. The plants of 100% decomposed waste grew vigorously in consideration of all parameters like % seed germination, plant height, number of branches, number of leaves etc. and those plants had reduced disease incidence. The plants of 50% decomposed waste and 50% undecomposed and mixture of 50% decomposed waste and 50% field soil gave moderate result. Lower growth performance was observed in the treatment with 100% field soil. It reveals that treatment was effective when at least half of waste was mixed with Trichoderma suspension. Thus the experimental results open the possibility of using municipality waste for compost preparation, crop growth and disease control.

Keywords: Decomposition , Compost, Trichoderma, Crop growth

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2008

End Date: 00-04-2009

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Manures

Objectives:

To use Trichoderma in composting municipality waste and its use for crop growth.

Methodology:

The experiments were carried out at the field laboratory of Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Pathology Center, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during January, 2008 to April 2009. Waste materials were collected from Sombhuganj, Mymensingh where waste was dumped from Mymensingh town by municipal authority. The undegradable parts (Cans, Broken glass, Plastic containers, Hospital or Clinical waste, Lather, Rubber, Metal, Polythene, and Crockery) were separated out of the waste materials. Trichoderma harzianum was grown on PDA medium in petridish at 25^oC temperature. In order to determine the spore density, 30 ml water was poured into each PDA plate (9 cm dia) of 15 days old culture of Trichoderma spp. The conidia were scraped smoothly and gently with a scalpel for collection. The conidial suspension was taken in a beaker. Water was added to make volume 400 ml. One drop of Tween-20 was added and stirred for 15 minutes. Then the numbers of conidia were counted with the help of Haemacytometer. Spore concentration was 108 /ml.Pits were prepared with 50cm long ×50cm wide ×30cm depth in the field laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Three-fourth of the pit was filled with waste materials. The contents of the pit were sprayed with Trichoderma suspension @ 100 ml per one square meter surface area. Then the pit was filled to full with waste materials and covered with polythene sheet. Pits with waste materials not treated with Trichoderma served as control. The contents of the control pit were sprayed with equal amount of pond water. The contents of all the pits were shoveled (mixed up) at 7 days interval for four times. In total there were 8 pits, two served as control and 6 as treatments. After 7 days of Trichoderma application in the pit, the decomposed waste was collected for four times at 7 days interval. Samples from the pits were taken to the laboratory for counting of Trichoderma colony to monitor the rate of multiplication of Trichoderma. At the same time sample of field soil and undecomposed waste were collected to measure the same. Dilution Plate Technique was used in this connection. ( Ashrafuzzaman,M.H., 1976.)After decomposition of waste, five treatments were made In the following manner: 100% Field soil (Control), 50% decomposed waste+50% field soil, 100% decomposed waste, 50% decomposed waste+50% undecomposed waste and 100% undecomposed waste. Chemical analyses of samples from all five treatments were performed in Humbolt Soil Testing Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Each of the treatments was replicated four times where seeds of four different vegetable crops like BAU begun 1, Tomato (var. Minto), Chilli (var. NS 1701) and Indian Spinach (var. BARI 1) were sown in earthen pots(10 inch depth) in Seed Pathology Centre, BAU, Mymensingh. Agronomic characters along with disease incidence were studied. Data were collected as % germination, plant height (cm), number of branches, number of leaves, and number of fruits per plant (in Indian Spinach weight / plant) and disease occurred in each plant, their number, size of the lesion etc. Data collected during experimental period were tabulated and analyzed following statistical package MSTAT-C. Treatment means for all the parameters were compared with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 2(2): 49 -55, 2009 ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study indicates the municipality waste as a potential source of organic matter, its acidity can be reduced to acceptable level through decomposition by Trichoderma and the decomposed municipality waste can be used for crop growth and controlling soil-borne diseases.

Knowledge Management: Journal