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Characterization of Hoop Pine (aurocorea Cunninghhami) for Ply and Particle Board Manufacture

M. MAHABUBUR RAHAMAN
Research Officer
Veneer and Composite Wood Products Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong

K. AKHTER
Divisional officer
Veneer and Composite Wood Products Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong

M.W. SHEIKH
Research officer
Veneer and Composite Wood Products Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Studies for assessing the suitability of hoop-pine (Aurocorea cunninghhami) wood for plywood and particle board manufacture. It was found that 1.5 mm thick smooth and figured veneer can be made and dried easily. Three-ply plywood were made using veneer of this species bonded with liquid urea formaldehyde glue of 50% solid content, extended with wheat flour and catalyzed (ammonium chloride) with 2% hardener under the specific pressures, viz, 1.05 N/mm², 1.40 N/mm², 1.76 N/mm²in three replications at 6 minutes press time and 120^°C press temperature. Dry and wet shear test were conducted on the sample and their shear load at failure per unit area and percentage of wood failure were determined. 1.40 N/mm² pressure was found best for the manufacture of ply wood. The physical and mechanical properties of hoop-pine particle board were studied. The particle boards were tested for determining the strength and dimensional stability. The tensile strength passed the German and British standard specifications, bending strength found to nearest the Indian Standard but did not pass the German and British standard specifications.

Keywords: Particleboard, Modulus of rupture, Internal bond strength, Urea formaldehyde, Ammonium chloride, Hardener.

Location: Veneer and Composite Wood Products Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Pine

Objectives:

To determine the suitability of hoop-pine (Aurocorea cunninghhami) wood for plywood and particle board making.

Methodology:

Logs of hoop pine (A. Cunningham) were collected from Bangladesh Forest Research Institute campus. The height of the trees was 35-40 m and diameter 1.55-1.65m. The trees were straight and cylindrical and free from natural defects. These were crosscut to 1.25 m bolts and submerged under water in the soaking tank to saturate with moisture and to avoid fungal and insect attacks. The bolts were peeled to 1.5 mm target thickness in a Coe-Veneer Lathe machine with knife angle at 91^°-30'. Recovery of veneer was calculated. Veneer thickness, veneer quality, grain pattern, colors; smoothness, etc was observed carefully. The moisture of the green veneer was found out by moisture determination balance. The green veneers were dried to 8% moisture content in the industrial batch oven at temperature 110⁰C. The randomized sheets of sized 600 mm x 600 mm veneers were used to determine the percentage shrinkage in three directions, viz; longitudinal, tangential and radial. The dried veneer was used for gluing studies. The veneer was clipped to 500mm x 500mm size. Liquid urea formaldehyde glue of 50% solid content, catalyzed with 2% ammonium chloride and extended with 20% wheat flour was used to prepare 3-ply plywood. The plywood panels were manufactured at three specific pressures viz., 1.05 N/mm², 1.40 N/mm² and 1.76 N/mm², applying 6 minutes press time for each specific pressure and a constant temperature of 120^°C. These were conditioned at 65±5% relative humidity and 20±2^°C temperature. The dry shear tests of the plywood were measured. The wet shear tests were measured by soaking the samples for 24 hours in cold water. The shear load at failure and the percentage of wood failure were determined. The wastage of dry veneers were hammer milled to chips and seived through 20 mesh screen to remove dust and fines. The chips were dried to 4 to 5% moisture content. Five-single layer particle board of size 500 mm × 500 mm × 12 mm with a target density of 750 kg/m³ were made in the laboratory hot press. The temperature of the platens of the hot press was maintained at 140^°C. Ten percent solid content of liquid urea formaldehyde glue based on oven dry chips was used in the particle board manufacture. The liquid urea formaldehyde glue was catalyzed with 2% ammonium chloride. The mats of the board were formed manually in wooden fabricated bordered frame. Then the mats were pressed initially at 3.56 N/mm²for 6 minutes. The pressure was then lowered in two steps, firstly 1.05 N/mm²for 4 minutes and then 0.35 N/mm²for 2 minutes. The boards were then conditioned at 65±5% relative humidity and 20±2^°C temperature before they were put to tests.The particle boards were cut into tests specimens. The static bending tests (modulus of rupture in bending) were carried out according to Indian Specification of IS: 2380 (Anon 1977) with a constant loading speed of the testing machine at 12 mm/minutes. The tensile strength perpendicular to the surface was also carried out according to the Indian specification of IS: 2380 (Anon 1977) with the exception that wooden blocks of 75 mm× 25 mm were glued in cold press with the test Specimens. Three specimens of size 100 mm × 100 mm were taken from each board for be determining thickness swelling and water absorption. The thickness of the specimens was measured with the platform type thickness gauze with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. The test specimens were immersed in 25 mm depth of cold water. At the end of 2 hours and 24 hours the test specimens were withdrawn from water, wiped with a damp cloth, re weighed and re-measured the thickness as before. The percentage of water absorption and thickness swelling were then calculated.

Source of Information: Indian Journal of Forestry.Vol. 37(2):143-146, 2014.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Hoop-pine (Aurocorea Cunningham) wood peels easily and produces the best quality veneer, Veneer of hoop-pine can be used as plywood for decorative and general use and particle board made from chips of hoop-pine can also be moderately used.

Knowledge Management: Journal