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Kraft Pulping of Twelve Lesser Used/unused High Density Hardwood Species.

Dr. Samar Kanti Bose
Senior Research Officer
Pulp and paper Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, P. O. Box 273, Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh.

Mr. Paritosh Das,
Pulp and paper Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, P. O. Box 273, Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh.

Mr. Habibur Rahman Khan
Rsearch Assistant
Pulp and paper Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, P. O. Box 273, Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh.

DR. A.F.M. Akhtaruzzaman
Divisional Officer
Pulp and paper Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, P. O. Box 273, Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Twelve high density (density range 0.775-1.031 g/cm³) lesser used /unused hardwood species, viz. bhadi (Lannea coromandelica), bahera (Terminalia belerica), haritaki (Tarminalia chebula), jam (Syzygium sp.) kanak (Schima wallichii), minjiri (Cassia siamea), batna (Quercus sp.) goda (Vitex peduncularis), gutguttya (Protium surratum) homalium (Homalium bhamanse) itchri (Anogeissus acuminata) and nageshwar (Mesua ferrea) were studied to determine their pulp making characteristics. An active alkali change of 14% and sulfidity of 25% were used in all cooks. It has been observed that most of these species produce good quality pulp.

Keywords: High density hardwood, Kraft pulping, Lesser used/unused species.

Location: Pulp and Paper Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong.

Start Date: 00-00-0000

End Date: 00-00-0000

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Tree

Objectives:

To determine the suitability of twelve lesser used or unused high density hardwood for making pulp.

Methodology:

Twelve lesser used/unused high density hardwood species, viz., bhadi (Lannea coromandelica), bahera (Terminalia belerica), haritaki (Tarminalia chebula), jam (Syzygium sp.) kanak (Schima wallichii), minjiri (Cassia siamea), batna (Quercus sp.) goda (Vitex peduncularis), gutguttya (Protium surratum) homalium (Homalium bhamanse) itchri (Anogeissus acuminata) and nageshwar (Mesua ferrea) were studied. The logs were chipped in a laboratory chipper. The chips were air-dried and then hand sorted. Accepted chips were approximately 20mm x 10mm x 3mm.Kraft pulping was done in 2 litre stainless steel autoclaves with six autoclaves at a time . The autoclave assembly was initially heated to a temperature of 80°C. Air dried chips equivalent to 300 g on oven dry (OD) basis were then charged with chemicals into the autoclaves.

The following cooking conditions were maintained:

Active alkali, 14% as Na₂O
Sulphidity, 25%
Liquor to wood ratio, 4:1
Cooking temperature, 170°C
Time to raise cooking temperature, 90 min. (from 80°C onwards)
Cooking time, varied.

At the end of the cook the digester was discharged. The pulp thus obtained was thoroughly washed overnight with water, disintegrated and then screened on a flat vibratory screen with 0.38 mm slot. The screened pulp was pressed to remove excess water, shredded, weighed and then sampled to determine the moisture content. The pulp yield was then calculated. The kappa number of the pulp was also determined (SCAN- C1: 77). The pulp was then refined in a PFI mill to different freenesses and hand-sheets were made with the beaten pulp.The physical strength properties of the pulp were determined according to Scan Test Methods after conditioning the hand sheets at 50 ±2% relative humidity and 23 ±1°C temperature. The fibre length of the species was measured with the pulp made at 2000 H-factor.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Forest Science Vol. 26(2) : 43-50, 1997

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 00

Total Budget (Tk.) : 00

Achievement/Findings:

Of the twelve species studied, ten species, viz., bhadi, bahera, haritaki, jam, kanak, batna, goda, gutguttya, iktchri and nageshewar could produce excellent quality pulp. Only homalium produces very inferior pulp. The pulp from minjiri was also acceptable.

Knowledge Management: Journal