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Biological Activity of Some Fruit Leaves and Chemical Investigation on Dillenia Indica Leaves

Bikash C. Sarker
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Progna Shil
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

B. Roy
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

M.S. Zoha
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

M.N. Uddin
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Plant leaves contain various kinds of chemical substances which are mostly beneficial and environmentally friendly. A study was conducted on activities of aqueous extracts of leaves of ten fruit plant species on four summer vegetable crops. The experiment was conducted to study about the naturally occurring growth substances in aqueous extracts of ten fruit plant leaves viz., mango (Mengifera indica), black berry (Syzygium cumini), jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), litchi (Litchi chinensis), wood apple (Aegle marmelos), Indian dillenia (Dillenia indica), papaya (Carica papaya), banana (Musa sp.), guava (Psidium guajava), and olive (Elaeocarpus floribundus) and the vegetables were country bean (Lablab niger), yard long bean (Vigna radiata), okra (Hibiscus esculentus) and swamp cabbage (Ipomea aquatica) that were used for germination and growth studies. An attempt was also for studying the chemical properties (compound and structure) on the best performed fruit leaves extract that was extracted by chloroform extract. The aqueous extracts of indian dillenia significantly increased germination of country bean, yard long bean, okra and swamp cabbage seeds in comparison with control. The germination percentage were 100%, 99%, 73% and 60% in country bean, yard long bean, swamp cabbage and okra seeds, respectively, treated with indian dillenia compared with control. The effect of aqueous extract of indian dillenia also increased growth of radical and plumule length of country bean, yard long bean, okra and swamp cabbage seedlings. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) of chloroform extracts of indian dillenia indicated four distinct compounds at Hexane: Ethylacetate (9:1, v/v,). Crude compounds were purified and isolated by column chromatography. H-NMR and IR study indicated that the fractions might have steroid and triterpinoid type of compounds.

Keywords: Aqueous extracts, Chemical investigation, Growth regulator, Germination, Indian dillenia

Location: Agricultural Chemistry and Biochemistry in Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-01-2007

End Date: 00-06-2007

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Bio fertilizer

Objectives:

1. To investigate the growth regulatory effect of aqueous extract of different fruit leaves and to isolate the biologically active compounds from effective extracts.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry and Biochemistry in Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during the period of January 2007 to June 2007 to study the effect of naturally produced growth substances in ten fruit plant leaves viz., mango (T₂), black berry (T₃), jack fruit (T₄), litchi (T₅), wood apple (T₆), indian dillenia (T₇), papaya (T₈), banana (T₉), guava (T₁₀), olive (T₁₁) where tap water (T₁) was used for control. The aqueous extract was treated separately on the following vegetable crops such as country bean, yard long bean, okra and swamp cabbage along with the attempt for chemical investigation on the effective leave extract. Preparation of Aqueous Leaf Extracts: Exactly 100 g of each fresh leaf was taken separately for each tested plant and chopped followed by making paste using blender machine with required amount of water. The paste was transferred to a 500 ml reagent bottle and the 400 ml water was added to it and placed for 72 hours at room temperature (25±2 °C). The reagent bottles were stirred with glass rod at regular interval. After 72 hours the aqueous slurry was filtered through Whatman filter paper No.1 and stored in glass bottles in a refrigerator. The filtrates of individual leaf extracts were stored and used in the experiment. Growth of Vegetable Crops: petridish experiments was done to observe the germination percentage, radical and plumule growth for country bean, yard long bean, okra and swamp cabbage seeds in the Laboratory room. For this a 10 cm diameter clean petridish was used in which with two round sheets of 10 cm diameter filter paper was placed. Then 15 ml of each aqueous extracts was separately added in each petridish. Then twenty five (25) seeds of each vegetable crop were placed on filter paper that was previously placed on each petridish. Each treatment were replicated into three (3) times. All the petridishes were kept in natural diffused light under laboratory conditions at the temperature of 26±2 °C. To moisten the filter paper, 5 ml water was added if the filter paper were dried (Dubey 1973). 15 ml distilled water was added for control instead of aqueous extract. Germination rate was monitored regularly and after germination of seeds growth of plumule and radical were recorded everyday and continued until germination was completed. For this, length of radical and plumule have been recorded for seven days. The collected data were analyzed statistically and the differences between means were compared by using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Isolation of Crude Compounds Using Chloroform: For isolation of crude compounds, 100 g powder of leaf was taken in 2.5 L reagent bottle and 250 ml chloroform was added to the powder and it was kept 72 h with regular interval of shaking. Then it was filtered by using Whatman filter paper No.1. The extract was collected in 500 ml reagent bottle. More 200 ml of chloroform was added to the residue again, the reagent bottle was again kept for next 72 h with shaking at regular interval followed by complete filtering with Whatman filter paper No.1. The collected both chloroform extracts were mixed together. The solvent was evaporated from the extract by using rotary film evaporator under reduced pressure. After evaporation the semisolid crude was stored in refrigerator at 4 oC for chemical investigation. TLC was prepared for the Indian dillenia as the most potential and compounds were detected by using the solvent hexane and ethylalcohol in the ratio of 9:1 (v/v). Infrared (IR) spectroscopy study: IR (Infrared Spectroscopy) was measured using crude with IR spectrometer (Model: FTIR-8900 SCHIMAZU, Japan) from BCSIR (Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1H-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) study: 1H-NMR of spectra was measured with NMR spectrometer (Model: 400MHZ, Switzerland) from BCSIR (Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 4 (2): 15-20, 2010; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Considering the biological activities of aqueous extract of tested plant species, indian dillenia enhanced germination rate, radical and plumule growth of country bean, swamp cabbage, yard long bean and okra. The most effective extract was the indian dillenia among the tested extracts. Therefore, compounds responsible for growth promoting property have been isolated and purified. Chloroform extracts of indian dillenia might contain mono or sesquiterpenoid. The present findings also infer that it deserves further field experiment using the indian dillenia extract as growth promoting substance. Leaves of this plant need further chemical investigation with polar solvent for studying detail chemical properties.

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