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Effect of Organic Manures and Fertilizer Nitrogen on Microbial Biomass After Two Different Cropping Seasons

M.M.A. Hossain
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

J. Haider
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibar Rahman Agriculture University, Salna, Gazipur

A. Hashem
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibar Rahman Agriculture University, Salna, Gazipur

B.L. Nag
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibar Rahman Agriculture University, Salna, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Changes in microbial biomass-C and -N and the contribution of biomass-C and -N to fertility pool of soil was evaluated in submerged and upland conditions after rice and wheat harvest, respectively. Soil samples of ten treatments including control, and incorporation of straw, cowdung, green manures and compost as well as combinations of nitrogen fertilizer with each of these were used. Compost with nitrogen fertilizer produced relatively higher CO₂-C and hence biomass-C after both crops compared to control. Contribution of biomass-C to organic-C was the highest in soil treated only with 100 kg N/ha after rice and green manure with urea-N after wheat harvest. The ratio of biomass-C to biomass-N was the highest in soil treated only with nitrogen. Composting with nitrogen and green manure gave comparatively higher ratio of biomass-N to total-N after rice and wheat harvest, comparatively. Compost along with nitrogen fertilizer produced relatively higher yield of rice (4.94t/ha) and wheat (3.65t/ha) as compared to control.

Keywords: Flush-C, Biomass-C, Flush-N, Biomass-N, Rice, Wheat

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibar Rahman Agriculture University, Salna, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-1991

End Date: 00-00-1992

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Bio fertilizer

Objectives:

1. To evaluate (i) the changes of microbial biomass-C and -N in upland and submerged conditions due to incorporation of different organic manures and fertilizer; and (ii) the contribution of microbial biomass-C and -N to carbon and nitrogen pool of red brown terrace soil.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in 1991/92 with red brown terrace soil of the Institute Postgraduate Studies in Agriculture (IPSA). A long term experiment was initiated in 1988 and ten treatment combinations imposed were comprised of five levels of organic manuring, viz. no manuring/control (M0), incorporation of rice straw @2.5 t/ha (Si), cowdung 25 t/ha (Cd), compost @ 25 t/ha (Cp), green manuring (Gm)@100 Kg/ha and two levels of nitrogen fertilizer as urea, viz. no nitrogen (N₀) and nitrogen 100 Kg/ha (N₂). However, organic manures were added each year only before rice transplantation and nitrogen fertilizer was applied before each cropping. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 10 cm and were partially dried in the air after removing roots, insects, worms and some discrete pieces of organic matter. There were ground and sieved with 2 mm mesh sieve. Remaining samples were adjusted to 50% of maximum water holding capacity and were pre-incubated aerobically at 25?C in loose polythene bags for 10 days. These pre-incubated soils were fumigated with alcohol free CHCl₃ for 24h in a desiccators. CHCl₃ was then removed and the samples were repeatedly evaluated for complete removal of CHCl₃. Fumigated samples were incubated with 1g of original soil in incubation bottles fitted with gas exchange plugs. The original soil served as a source of microbial inoculums. Fumigated and control (without fumigation) samples were replicated twice. The stop cock of the bottles were closed and incubated at 25?C in an incubator. The evolution of CO₂ was trapped in U-Tube coupled in a CO₂ measuring apparatus. Amount of CO₂was measured by subtracting the weight of U-Tube after and before CO₂ trap. Flush- and biomass-C were calculated. Available nitrogen was determined by distillation method. Biomass-N was calculated. This experiment was treated as a laboratory model experiment and therefore no statistical design was used.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 4 (2): 25-28, 2010; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Composting along with N-fertilizer (120 KgN/ha.), also, produced comparatively maximum amount of biomass-N (4.13 and 4.62 mg/100 g dry soil) and biomass-C (20 and 20.25 mg/100 g dry soil) after rice and wheat harvest, respectively. Increased biomass-N and –C provided by heterogeneous microbial population contributed towards increased crop yield in that treatment. Rice yield, achieved by compost treatment along with nitrogen fertilizer was about double of the control treatment. On the other hand, this treatment produced about 14 times higher yield of wheat compared to control. This abrupt increase in wheat yield in composted plots with nitrogen fertilizer might have caused due to upland condition of soil, which favoured the growth and activity of aerobic microbial population in soil. In submerged soil microbial biomass could not increase rapidly due to lack of sufficient oxygen. Manuring along with the application of nitrogenous fertilizer contributed to more available microbial carbon and nitrogen than the control. Composting along with nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 100 kg/ha proved to be the best combination among all treatments that produced comparatively highest yield of rice and wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal