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Effect of Aqueous Extract of Some Plants on Some Stored and Field Fungi

S.K. Kuri
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M.R. Islam
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

U. Mondal
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Aqueous extract of leaf and seed of Azadirachta indica, Calotropis procera, Croton spasriflorous, Luffa cylindrica, Putranjiva roxburghii, Salvadora persica, Senna alata, Trema orientalis, and Trichosanthes dioica were used to treat brinjal seeds to control seed borne fungi. The result revealed that, among these botanical extract, leaf extract of Azadirachta indica and leaf extract of Putranjiva roxburghii recorded only 4% seed infection followed by leaf extract of Salvadora persica and Calotropis procera (5.33%), leaf extract of Trema orientalis (8%), fruit extract of Luffa cylindrica (8%), leaf extract of Senna alata (8%), leaf extract of Croton spasriflorous and fruit extract of Putranjiva roxburghii (9.33%); while control treatment showed 66% seed infection. These crude plant extracts have good effect on germination of seeds. The extracts are successfully checked the mycelial growth (above 95%) of all the test fungi.

Keywords: Botanical extract, Antifungal potentiality, Seed borne diseases

Location: Kaligonj thana under Jhenidah district of Bangladesh and Botanical Garden of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh .

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2010

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

1. To screen in vitro a number of plants for antifungal potential against important seed borne fungal species like Phomopsis vexans,Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata with the ultimate aim of developing plant based formulations for plant disease management, the quality seeds for sowing and storage grains.

Methodology:

Plant material: Fresh diseased free leaves and fruits of Neem (Aazadirachta indica), Akanda (Calotropis procera), Bonmirca (Croton spasriflorous), Dhundal (Luffa cylindrica), Paten java (Putranjiva roxburghii), Meswak (Salvadora persica) Dadmordan (Senna alata), Givon (Trema orientalis), Patol (Trichosanthes dioicahae) species were collected from Kaligonj thana under Jhenidah district of Bangladesh and Botanical Garden of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh . Preparation of extract Aqueous extract: Green leaf and fruit samples (100g) of selected plants were collected ground with conventional grounder called “HAMAN DISTA” (Mortar and pastels). Then the ground materials are dipped into 100 ml distilled water for 48 hours for complete extraction of the active ingredient from the extracted samples. After that, the water and ground materials were filtered with the help of a very fine and clean piece of cloth separately for every plant species. Then the crude extracts were preserved in glass bottle in a refrigerator at 5 ± 2 ºC for further use. Seed treatment: Previously collected brinjal seeds were used for this study required amount of seeds are treated in the aqueous botanical extracts for 30 minutes. The concentration of the solution was 100% (v/v). For comparison Vitavax 200 was used to treat the seeds for 30 minutes with recommended dose (25% of seed wt.). Seeds are dipped only in distilled water for 30 minutes was considered as control. After treating, seeds are placed in petridish. Before seed pletting petridishes were sterilized and 4 layers of blotting paper were soaked into distilled water and placed into the Petridishes. Each dish containing 25 seeds and 3 dishes were selected as replicates are for each extract. Then the petridishes were kept in the incubation chamber at 22 ± 2 ºC and data were recorded after 7, 10, 14 days after sowing (DAS).Then the total germination and percent seed infection of seeds are counted manually. But the seed infection by specific fungi are identified and counted by observing the petridishes under simple stereo binocular microscope. Poisoned Food Technique: PDA medium with 25% concentration of the aqueous extracts of the test plants were prepared. About 20 ml of the medium was poured into each petridish and allowed to solidify. Five mm disc of 7-day-old culture of the test fungi were placed at the center of the petridish anal incubated at 25 ± 2 °C for seven days. After incubation the colony diameter was measured in millimeter. For each treatment four replicates were maintained. PDA medium without the aqueous extract served as control. The fungitoxicity on the extracts in terms of percentage inhibition of mycelia growth was calculated by using the formula: % inhibition =dc – dt/dc.100; Where, dc = average increase in mycelial growth in control, dt = Average increase in mycelial growth in treatment (Singh and Tripathi, 1999). Synthetic seed treating chemical i.e. Vitavax200, were also tested at their recommended dosage (2gm/L) for antifungal activity by poisoned food technique.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 4 (2): 37-40, 2010; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In poisoned feed technique all plant extract showing above 90% mycelia growth. Some important seed borne pathogen like Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis vexans, Aspergillus flavus are managed through with the help of some botanical plant extracts. So exploitation of naturally available chemicals from plant protection and will have a prominent Role in development of future commercial pesticides for crop protection strategies, with special reference to the management of plant diseases. The present investigation is an important step in developing plant based pesticides and seed testing chemicals which are ecofriendly for the management of the important seed borne fungi and development of commercial formulation based field trial and toxicological experiment.

Knowledge Management: Journal