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Interactions of Iron and Zinc in Wheat, Rice and Mungbean

Md. Nurul Islam
Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Banglanagar, Dhaka

Sirajul Hoque
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

Aminul Islam
Vice-Chancellor, Daffodil International University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments were carried out with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) to study the effects of Fe × Zn interactions using 3 rates of Fe (0,10 and 20 kg Fe ha^-1 for wheat, and rice and.0, 5 and. 10 kg Fe ha^-1 for mungbean) and 3 rates of Zn (0, 5 and, 10 kg Zn ha^-1 for wheat and rice, and 0, 3 and 6 hg Zn ha^-1 for mungbean). The results were not consistent in the parameters under study over the Fe and Zn rates. Generally interactions between Fe and Zn when applied at higher rates were antagonistic with respect to the concentrations of both Fe and Zn in wheat and that of Fe in rice and mungbean plants. On the other hand, the concentrations and uptake of Zn by rice plant; the concentrations of Zn in mungbean plant and the uptake of Fe by wheat and rice plants were not affected due to Fe × Zn interactions. The interaction effects of Fe and Zn at the rates used were not significant on the yield of the crops.

Keywords: Zinc, Iron, wheat, rice and mungbean

Location: Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University farm, Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

The present study was planned to investigate the effects of Fe×Zn interactions on the yields, and concentrations and uptake of these nutrients in wheat, rice and mungbean crops.

Methodology:

Three separate field experiments with wheat, rice and mungbean were carried out at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University farm, Dhaka. The soil was clay loam in texture having pH 6.0, organic carbon 0.51%, CEC 9.7 Cmol/kg, available Fe 75.0 µg/g and available Zn 1.25 µg/g. The soil of the experimental fields falls in the low to medium fertility status. Soil organic carbon was determined by the wet oxidation method of Walkley and Balck (1934) as described by Jackson (1973) and the CEC was determined by using 1M Ammonium Acetate solution as described by Jackson (1973). Soil pH was determined by using soil : water ratio of 1 : 2.5. Available Fe and Zn were extracted from the soil following DTPA extraction method (Lindsay and Norvell 1978) and their contents were determined directly by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).The treatments consisted of 3 rates of Fe (0, 10 and 20 kg Fe/ha for wheat and rice, and 0, 5 and 10 kg Fe/ha for mungbean from Fe₂O₃) and 3 rates of Zn (0, 5 and 10 kg Zn/ha for wheat and, rice and 0, 3 and 6 kg Zn/ha for mungbean from ZnO). The rates of Fe are designated in the text as Fe₀, Fe₁, Fe₂ and that of Zn as Zn₀, Zn₁, Zn₂. A basal dose of nitrogen (100 kg N /ha from urea applied in two splits for wheat and in three splits for rice, and 20 kg N/ha all at a time for mungbean), phosphorus (40 kg P₂O₅/ha for each crop from TSP), potassium (60 kg K₂O/ha from muriate of potash for wheat and rice, and 40 kg K₂O/ha for mungbean) and sulphur (20 kg S/ha from gypsum for wheat and rice, and 10 kg S/ha for mungbean) were applied in every individual plot of 4 m×3 m for wheat and rice, and 4m×2.5 m for mungbean. The iron and zinc fertilizers and the total basal amounts of phosphorus, potassium and sulphur fertilizers for each crop were applied at the time of final land preparation. Wheat (cv. Kanchan) in rabi season, rice (cv. BR-3) in aus season (kharif-l) and mungbean (cv. Kanti) in kharif-l season of 1999 were grown. A total of 27 plots for each crop (9 treatments × 3 replications) were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Plant samples from each individual plot were collected at three growth stages of the crops for chemical analysis. The crops were harvested at maturity and the grain and straw yields of wheat and rice and only the grain yield of mungbean were recorded. The straw yield of mungbean was not recorded as because heavy rainfall occurred just after final harvest of the pods that resulted in the fall of the leaves. The plant samples were processed, oven-dried and digested with HNO₃:HClO₄ (2 : 1) mixture. Iron and zinc contents in the digests and in the soil extracts were determined by AAS.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Soil Sci. 27-29 : 23-30, 2001-2003

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The single as well as the interaction effects of Fe and Zn on the uptake of Zn by wheat plants was significant. The highest uptake value of Zn was obtained with Fe₁Zn₁ treatment and the lowest value was recorded when the rates were increased to double (Fe₂Zn₂). This indicated a clear Fe×Zn antagonism on Zn uptake by wheat plant. Neither the individual rates of Fe and Zn nor their interactions had significant effects on the uptake of Zn by rice plant. The individual and interaction effects of Fe and Zn on the grain and straw yields of wheat and rice and only the grain yield of mungbean. Neither the single nor the interaction effect of these two elements was significant on the yield of the crops.

Knowledge Management: Journal