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Environmental Parameters and Incidence of White Spot Disease in Penaeus Nonodon (fab.) Farming

M.U. Ahmad
Marine Fisheries & Technology Station, Bangladesh Fishries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar 4700, Bangladesh

M.A. Hossain
Marine Fisheries & Technology Station, Bangladesh Fishries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar 4700, Bangladesh

M.H. Rahman
Marine Fisheries & Technology Station, Bangladesh Fishries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar 4700, Bangladesh

M.N. Islam
Department of Fisheries Technology, BAU, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An investigation was carried out to monitor management practices and to find out whether there is any relationship with occurrence of deadly white spot disease and environmental parameters. Three semi-intensive and a improved traditional shrimp farms were selected in which mass mortality of shrimp ?(Penaeus monodon) by white spot disease occurred previously. The farms were situated at two different geographical locations. Two ponds from each farm at random were selected for the study. Out of eight investigated ponds, 6 ponds in three farms were affected by the disease during investigation period. The non-affected ponds had relatively lower stocking density, slightly different management practice and were located at different geographical area. There were no significant variation in water quality parameters among the affected and non-affected ponds. No significant variations were recorded in pond preparation, source of Post Larvae (PL), water and feed management among the affected and non-affected ponds. The observation indicated that pond micro-organisms in a farm may not the only cause of the disease but some external factors also might be responsible for the outbreak of this disease.

Keywords: P. monodon, Disease, Environment

Location: Khuruskul, Cox's Bazar

Start Date: 00-03-1995

End Date: 00-09-1995

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

To find out whether water quality parameters were responsible for the out break of the white spot in shrimp farming or not.

Methodology:

Three semi-intensive and an improved traditional shrimp farms were selected for this investigation during winter crop in which mass mortality of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) caused by white spot disease. From each farm two grow out ponds were selected for the study. The area of these ponds in selected farms were as follows: Beximco Fisheries Ltd. (5800 m² , 8400 m Meghna Shrim]i Culture Ltd. ( 6000 m² , 5920 m Aquaculture Farms Ltd. (5464 m² , 3926 m ), Demonstration Farm and Training Centre (DFTC), FRI (3368 m² , 4940 m² ). First three farms located in Khtrruskul, Cox's Bazar area on the bank of the river Bakhkhali and the other farm at Teknaf area by the side of Naf river. Water depth in all investigated ponds ranged between 1.0-2.4 meters. Ponds were rectangular in shape except one at DFTC, FRI pond, the shape of the pond was irregular. Ponds had leading slope to the outlet. All farms had water intake and discharge facility, small laboratory, electricity, paddle wheel and pump facilities. Reservoir facility is available in all farms except DFTC, FRI. From pond preparation to harvest, all management practice were observed carefully. Drying, pond preparation, stocking particulars are described. Water intake in each pond were done through screening by either micro mesh or mosquito nets to avoid the entrance of eggs, larvae or juveniles of undesirable species. The water in each pond was allowed to remain 3-4 days for hatching of eggs that might have accidentally entered into the ponds. Then tea seed cake was applied to eradicate the unwanted species of fin fish except Aquaculture and DFTC, FRI farm. Then ponds were fertilized and waited till plankton bloom. Then Post larvae(PL) stocked which were collect from natural source. All farms used dry commercial formulated pelleted feed in addition to natural live foods produced in the pond. Feeding started at the second day of stocking except at DFTC, FRI. They started using feed after one month of stocking due to low stocking density, higher water depth and availability of natural food. Feed was spread at all front sides of the pond adjacent to the dikes. After one month of PL stocking, feed was checked from time to time by using lift nets to control under or over feeding. All farms tried to maintain optimum water quality by applying lime(Calcium carbonate) and fertilizer as well as through water exchange. During high tide water was allowed to enter directly to the reservoir or into the feeder canal through main sluice gate and axial pump. Stored water was treated with lime (CaC0₃) and settled, except at DFTC, FRI farm. Throughout the culture period Water temperature measured by centigrade thermometer, salinity by refractometer, transparency by secchi disk, pH by pH meter on daily basis and alkalinity, ammonia at weekly basis and dissolved oxygen (DO) at an irregular basis by Hach Kit. Paddle wheels were operated whole day and night except during feeding time. Shrimp in each selected pond of all investigated farms were weighed weekly to monitor their average growth. For the purpose, 50 or 100 shrimps were harvested at random and weighed and released to the same pond. During sampling shrimps were closely observed to examine their gills, eye, intestine, antennae, appendages etc. Occurrence of disease was also recorded where it occurred.

Source of Information: Banglaaesh J. Fish. Res., 3(1): 55-62, 1999

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Water quality parameters are responsible for the outbreak of disease or not. There is no significant variation in water quality parameters among the affected and non affected ponds.

Knowledge Management: Journal