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Effect of Potassium Application on Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.) in Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain

P. K. SAHA
Principal Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur

A. T. M. S. HOSSAIN2
Scientific OfficerOfficer,
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur

M. A. M. MIAH
Ex-Chief Scientific Officer and Head
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field trial was conducted in Rabi season 2001-2002 at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute’s Agricultural Research Station (BARI ARS) farm, Thakurgaon to evaluate a higher dose of K (66 kg K/ha) for maximizing yield of wheat and sustain soil native K level for wheat in north-western (NW) region of Bangladesh. To accomplish the objective, three levels of K (T₁= K₀, T₂= K₆₆, and T₃₌ K₃₈ (Farmers’ practice) were tested. T₁= K₀ and T₂ = K₆₆ were tested under soil test based (STB) N₁₁₆ P₁₅ S₃₆ Zn₁ B₁.7 fertilization and these two treatments T₁ and T₂were compared with the farmers’ own fertilization practice N₆₈ P24 K₃₈ S₁₆ Zn₀B₀ (T₃). Results showed that the treatment (T₂) i. e. K₆₆ with STB dose produced the better yield of wheat (var. Protiva). The highest gross return of Tk. 35,610/- and the highest net-return of Tk. 30,479/- was obtained with the treatment T₂ (STB). The dose of 66 kg K/ha for wheat growing in Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain (AEZ-1) was not adequate, and thus needs to be increased to maintain the soil K reserve, since there was an apparent negative balance of K in the soil with sole use of chemical fertilizers. The recommended P dose of 24 kg P/ha in wheat season created a positive balance of P. The STB dose for S and Zn @36 and 1 kg/ha, respectively, in wheat season created a positive balance of S and Zn in soil.

Keywords: Potassium, Fertilizer management, Wheat and nutrient balance sheet.

Location: Thakurgaon

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

The present study was carried out to evaluate a high dose of K (66 kg K/ha) for maximizing yield of wheat and sustain soil native K level for wheat in NW region of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in Rabi 2001-2002 at the BARI ARS experimental farm, Thakurgaon (high land (HL); AEZ-1: Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain). At the start of the experiment, composite surface soil samples at a depth of 0-20 cm from 30 spots of the experimental fields were collected. The soil samples were air-dried and ground to pass through a 2-mm sieve for laboratory analysis. The soil samples were analyzed for pH (1:2.5) (Jackson, 1962), total N (Bremner, 1960), texture (Karim et al., 1988), exchangeable K (Page et al., 1982), available P (Bray and Kurtz, 1945), S (Bardsley and Lancaster, 1965) and Zn (Lindsay and Norvell, 1978). The soil of the experimental field is sandy-loam in texture, strongly acidic in nature, severely deficient in sulphur (Table 1). The soil N, K, and Zn content is low with four replications. To achieve the objectives, three levels of K (T₁= K₀, T₂ = K₆₆, and T₃ = K₃₈ (Farmers’ practice) were tested. A flat dose of N-P-S-Zn-B was applied @ 116-1.5-36-1-1.7 kg/ha, respectively, for T₁ and T₂ according to the soil test based (STB) for high yield goal (except B). These two treatments T₁and T₂ were compared with the farmers’ own fertilization practice (T₃), in T₃(Farmers’ own fertilization practice) N-P-S was applied @ 68-24-16 kg/ha, respectively. The sources of NPKS and Zn were urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate, respectively. The field was prepared by bullock drawn country plough and ladder. After the preparation, the field was divided into small experimental plots (size: 5 m × 4 m) according to the layout. The full dose of P. K, S, Zn, B and half of N were applied at the time of final land preparation according to the treatments. The remaining half of N was applied at 17-21 days after sowing, when the first irrigation was given. The 2nd and 3rd irrigation were given at 55-60 days and 75-80 days after sowing, respectively. Seeds were sown at the rate of 130 kg/ha at the depth of 4-5 cm in a row-to-row distance of 20 cm on 1 December 2001. Appropriate cultural and management practices were followed during the growing season. The crop was harvested from 5 m²area for grain yield on 26 March 2002. Straw yield of wheat was harvested from 1 m² area. Plant height (cm) was recorded from randomly 10 plants in each treatment. Tiller and spike no./rn² was also counted. The grain yield was recorded at 14 % moisture and straw yield at oven dry basis. A portion of grain and straw samples were collected for chemical analysis. The plant samples were digested with HNO₃ and HClO₄ at the ratio (5:2) and analyzed following the procedure described by Yoshida (1976). The data were statistically analyzed using IRRISTAT version 4.1 (IRRI, 1998). Economic analysis was done using standard procedure.

Source of Information: ISSN 0258-7122 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 207-216, June 2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above discussion, it was observed that the treatment (T₂) i. e. K₆₆ with STB dose produced the better yield of wheat (variety Protiva) in NW region of Bangladesh. The highest gross return of Tk. 35,610/- and the highest net-return of Tk. 30,479/- was obtained with the treatment T₂ (STB). It was observed that 1.0 t wheat straw (as oven dry basis) contained 14-16 kg K and 3-5 kg N and to produce 1.0 t grain of wheat (var. Protiva) needs 25 kg N, 4 kg P, 24 kg K, 3 kg S, and 0.07 kg Zn. Potassium application @ 66 kg K/ha was not enough for cultivating wheat in Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain (AEZ-1),apparent negative balance of K in the soil with sole use of chemical fertilizers. The recommended P dose of 24 kg P/ha in wheat season created a positive balance of P. The STB dose for S and Zn @ 36 and 1 kg/ha, respectively in wheat season created a positive balance of S and Zn in soil.

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