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Prioratization of Villages for Providing Safe Water Sources in Disaster Prone Sarankhola Upazila of Bagerhat District: a GIS Based Approach

Sarmin Sultana
Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences,University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Md. Badrul Alam
Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences,University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Kazi Matin Ahmed
Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences,University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Sarankhola Upazila of Bagerhat district is one of the most water scarce and disaster prone areas of the country. Village level map of existing safe water options for this Upazila has been prepared using data on number of water supply technologies for each village using ArcGIS 9.1. Hydrometeorological, geological and hydrogeological data have been analyzed to decipher the geohydro-environment in order to validate site specific water supply options. Existence of different safe water options in every village alongside population density has been presented in the map in order to identify high, medium and low priority areas. It is evident from the analysis that where shallow tubewell is less successful, the safe water coverage is also low. Rainwater harvesting is the least used option despite having high annual rainfall and therefore, can be used in large numbers along with pond sand filter (PSF) in order to improve safe water coverage. Results obtained from the study can be utilized as a planning tool to optimize the safe water coverage by targeting priority areas. The map also identifies the areas suitable for a particular safe water option and can be used as a guiding tool for installing the appropriate sustainable safe water options during future interventions.

Keywords: Water scarcity, GIS, Priority villages, Safe water options

Location: Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Dhaka

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Non-commodity: Adoption and mitigation technology

Objectives:

1. To decipher the geohydro-environment in order to validate site specific water supply options.

Methodology:

Long term daily data on surface water level (1987 to 2005) for the Rayenda station (SW 107.2) for the Baleswar River and weekly data on ground water level (1986 to 2005) for the nearest Mollahat observation well (GT0156004) has been collected from Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) to construct long term hydrographs. Also daily rainfall data (1990 to 2006) for the nearest monitoring station CL512 located in Morrelganj and daily evaporation data (2004 to 2006) for the nearest station CL501 located in Bagerhat has also been collected from BWDB. Subsurface hydrostratigraphy of the area has been mapped based on lithologic information of Department of Public Health and Engineering (DPHE) to a depth of about 1100 ft. Also latest village level data on different safe water options such as STW, DTW, PSF, SST, VSST, RWH and current population for Sarankhola Upazila has been collected from the DPHE along with hard copy of inaccurate maps of various water supply options at village levels. Data of different safe water options have been entered into a simple database format using MS Access. ArcGIS 9.1 has been used and the base polygon shape file was created using the existing mouza layer available at the RS and GIS laboratory of the Department of Geology, University of Dhaka. The most common error encountered during the shape file generation process was to assign the boundary of newly created village not present in the existing shape files. To overcome this problem mouza shape files have been updated from the satellite image and DPHE manual map. The database created in MS Access was then linked with the newly created village shape file. Data was checked for consistency and gaps were identified using editor tool in GIS environment as it provided visual display on maps and discrepancies were easier to detect. The GIS analysis involved overlay operation and extensive use of programmed query analysis and manipulation.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 26(1&2): 11-19, 2013 (December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Sarankhola Upazila of Bagerhat district in the south-western coastal belt of Bangladesh is one of the worst affected areas by cyclone Sidr and Aila and still today a large population is suffering from safe water scarcity. Village level mapping of existing safe water options in this Upazila has been carried out which shows many of the villages are unsuitable with respect to hydrogeology for developing shallow tube wells. It is clear that where STW is less successful, the safe water coverage is also low. Under such circumstances, it is important to use other water supply technologies to provide safe water. Rainwater harvesting is the least used option among the existing technologies and therefore a good number of rainwater harvesting can be built in order to improve safe water coverage although this option is not suitable for the dry season. Existence of a good number of PSF indicates the availability of suitable ponds which can be used as the source for this option. The PSFs are also at risk because of likely impacts of cyclonic storms like Sidr and Aila. Therefore, it is important to find safe and sustainable water supply technology for this area. Population served different safe water options in every village against total population has been presented in the map and the priority areas for intervention have been identified. Results obtained from the current study should be considered to increase the safe water coverage by targeting the high priority areas. It has been found from the study that all options are not equally suitable for all unions; rather the technologies are area specific and it is important to provide area specific safe water options.

Knowledge Management: Journal