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Effects of Temperature, Relative Humidity and Host on the Biology of Anisopteromalus Calandrae (hymenoptera:pteromalidae)

K.N. Ahmed
BCSIR Laboratories, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

M.R. Hasan
BCSIR Laboratories, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

H. Ahmed
BCSIR Laboratories, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

M.A. Hannan
Departmentr of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

S.K. Ghose
Nayabazar Degree College, Dhaka-1312, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Developmental period of the pteromalid wasp Anisopteromalus calandrae, was observed in the laboratory using two types of hosts at different constant temperature and relative humidity. The developmental period ranged from 28.6 ± 6.6 days at 20°C temperature and 90% R.H. to 10.7 ± 2.1 days at 35°C and 90% R.H. Mating of the adult parasites occurred shortly after emergence at all the temperature regimes and relative humidities under study period. The female started laying eggs within 1 day at 25, 30 and 35°C and in about 1.5 – 2.0 days at 20°C. Relative humidity had no appreciable effect on oviposition. The incubation period was 2.1 ± 0.1 days at 20°C and 50% R.H. The larval period decreased from 9.3 ± 0.1 days at 20°C to 3.2 ± 0.1 days at 35°C. The relative humidity played no pronounced effect on the larval durations. The developmental period from egg to adult with Rhizopertha dominica as host was found to be shorter, being approximately one day less than that of S. oryzae as host. The duration of developmental period of male was less than that of female irrespective of temperatures and relative humidity conditions. The pupal period in female individuals decreased from 15.5 ± 0.1 days at 20ºC to 5.1 ± 0.1 days at 35ºC. The variations in relative humidity at different constant temperatures lengthened the pupal period to a lesser extent as was revealed form the experiments performed.

Keywords: Temperature, Relative humidity, Progeny production, Anisopteromalus calandrae

Location: BCSIR Laboratories, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects

Objectives:

To understand the parasite-host relationship between Anisopteromalus calandrae and Sitophilus oryzae and also to Rhizopertha dominica and the factors affecting their abundance, the combined effects of various constant temperatures and relative humidity conditions on the developmental period, progeny production and adult longevity of the parasite were studied.

Methodology:

The parasite, A. calandrae were reared in rectangular plastic containers (15 cm × 8 cm) covered by muslin using S. oryzae larvae as host in the laboratory. The mated female parasites were released into insect cages (25 cm × 22 cm) at an average room temperature of 30 ^oC and 70% R.H. Fifty per cent honey-water solution on cotton was suspended from the top of the cage as food for the parasites. To determine the effects of temperature and host on the development and progeny production of the parasite, the newly emerged mated female parasites were exposed to the 4 ^th instar larvae or pupae of the host, S. oryzae, feeding on wheat kernels. They were then observed under different temperature and humidity conditions. The temperatures used were 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC and the relative humidities were maintained at 50, 70, 90%. All the studies were carried out at 12:12 light: dark photoperiods. To observe the maximal daily progeny production by a newly emerged mated female, 50 preferred host with the food were exposed to parasitization for 24 hours in glass vials covered with fine cloth. The developmental rate and progeny production of the parasite was also observed using R. dominica as an alternate host of the parasite to find out any difference in the parasitism. The data were recorded for the incubation period, the duration of various immature stages, the pupal and the prepupal periods, the age of female at oviposition, the post oviposition periods, the date of emergence of adult parasite and the sex of the off springs. The experiments were repeated ten times. The effect of temperature on adult longevity was measured by placing the newly emerged adults to the desired temperatures and humidities in plastic vials. The longevity of the mated females also was similarly observed. The records were maintained on the mean longevity of the females in each case. The experiments were replicated 10 times at each of the four temperatures and the three relative humidity conditions. Analyses of variance and Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test were utilized for the separation of means.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(1): 87-96, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

During the present observation it was noted that a mated female lived a maximum period of 41 days, whereas a starved female had a maximum life span of 12 days. The variations in relative humidity at different constant temperatures lengthened the pupal period to a lesser extent as was revealed form the experiments performed.

Knowledge Management: Journal