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Feeding and Development of Spodoptera Litura Larvae on Different Cotton Varieties

D.A. Tithi
Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M.R. Amin
Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

S.M.A. Hossain
Regional Cotton Research Station, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

H.M.S. Azad
Regional Cotton Research Station, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Feeding and development of Spodoptera litura larvae were observed on CB9, CB10 and SR05 cotton varieties. The varieties showed significant effect on the amount of larval food consumption and development duration. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae consumed the highest amount of food (140.9, 777.5, 1823.0 and 2201.0 mg, respectively) as well as produced highest amount of excreta (3.1, 23.9, 58.5 and 87.9 mg, respectively) when they were reared on SR05 variety whereas the 5th instar larval food consumption (4724.0 mg) and excreta production (443.3 mg) was found highest on CB10 variety. The 1st and 2nd instar larvae showed longer durations (10.0 and 6.7 day, respectively) on SR05 variety whereas 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae had longer duration (7.3, 5.3 and 7.3 day, respectively) on CB10 variety. It was found that the 2nd and 4th instar larval dry weight varied significantly and their highest weights (6.8 and 27.1 mg, respectively) were found on CB10 and CB9 variety, respectively. The information generated through this study could contribute in the development of management programme of S. litura.

Keywords: Cotton, Spodoptera litura, Larva, Variety

Location: Entomology Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-09-2008

End Date: 00-02-2009

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Cotton

Objectives:

1. To gain knowledge for proper management of S. litura, this study was designed to assess the amount of food consumption, production of excreta and development duration of larvae on three cotton varieties that possessed different morphological characteristics.

Methodology:

Collection and rearing of insect: The study was conducted in the Entomology Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during September 2008 to February 2009 maintaining 25 ± 2 oC and 60 ± 5% RH. Adult male and female moths were collected from the cotton field of the Regional Cotton Research Station, Dinajpur and they were kept in paired in petridishes (9.0×1.5 cm) for mating. Every morning, fresh cotton flowers of the variety CB9, CB10 and SR05 were supplied into the petri-dishes as food for the moths. After completion of mating, the male moths were removed from the petri-dishes and the females were kept separately in jars (26.5×13.5cm) for oviposition. Cotton leaves and flowers were supplied into the jars. Every morning the petri-dishes were cleaned and monitored to observe the egg mass. After hatching, fresh cotton leaves were supplied into the jars for food of the young larvae till pupation. Observation of larval development: The larvae passed through five instars with four moults. The first instar larvae were pale green and possessed two black spots on the head. They had soft mandibles and they preferred only young shiny leaves. The second instar larvae came out by leaving the exuviae of the first instar which were increased in size. The third instar larvae were more active and fed more food and were larger than the second instar and became more pale green in colour. The fourth instar larvae were darker dorsally and possessed a dark lateral stripe. The fifth instar larvae turned grey and usually with a conspicuous yellow line down each side of the back and became giant. Measurement of food consumption: Amount (g) of leaf consumption and production of excreta within 24 hours by each larval instar was measured by using a Mettler digital balance (Model- MR 220, No. 971373). One newly hatched larva was placed in each petri dish (9.0 × 1.5 cm) with medium matured leaves. The initial weight of the supplied leaves was recorded. To find out the weight of consumed leaves in 24 hours (A), the weight of unused leaves (C) and the weight of moisture loss from the control petridish (D) were subtracted from the initial weight of supplied leaves (B). Calculation can be as follows: A = B - (C + D). Measurement of excreta weight: For measurement of excreta, a newly hatched larva was reared in a petridish (9.0 × 1.5 cm) with fresh cotton leaf. Each larval excreta was collected daily and that was measured by a Mettler digital balance (Model- MR 220, No. 971373). Total amount of excreta produced by a larval instar was calculated. This method was replicated 4 times for each variety. Measurement of larval dry weight: The full grown larvae were dried in an incubator at 60 oC for three days and then their weights were measured by a Mettler digital balance (Model- MR 220, No. 971373). Measurement of larvae for each cotton variety was replicated 5 times. Data analysis: Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the mean values were separated by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). All the analyses were performed by using PASW Statistics 18.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 4 (2): 113-116, 2010; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The varieties showed significant effect on the amount of larval food consumption and development duration. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae consumed the highest amount of food (140.9, 777.5, 1823.0 and 2201.0 mg, respectively) as well as produced highest amount of excreta (3.1, 23.9, 58.5 and 87.9 mg, respectively) when they were reared on SR05 variety whereas the 5th instar larval food consumption (4724.0 mg) and excreta production (443.3 mg) was found highest on CB10 variety. The 1st and 2nd instar larvae showed longer durations (10.0 and 6.7 day, respectively) on SR05 variety whereas 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae had longer duration (7.3, 5.3 and 7.3 day, respectively) on CB10 variety. It was found that the 2nd and 4th instar larval dry weight varied significantly and their highest weights (6.8 and 27.1 mg, respectively) were found on CB10 and CB9 variety, respectively. The information generated through this study could contribute in the development of management programme of S. litura.

Knowledge Management: Journal