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Allelopathic Effects of Parthenium Weed Debris in Soil on the Emergence and Development of Rice

O. Biswas
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

K.P. Paul
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

S. Ghosh
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

S.M.R. Karim
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An investigation was made to assess the allelopathic effects of parthenium weed debris (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) on the emergence and seedling development of rice. Parthenium fresh leaves and plants were air-dried for one week in the greenhouse. The cut samples (4-6 cm) were further dried in an electric oven at 70⁰C for 3 days. The oven-dried plant samples were then cut into smaller pieces (0.5-1 cm) and mixed with field soil. Four concentrations of weed debris (e.g. 0, 0. 25, 0.5 and 1.0 g dry weight per 100g soil) were included. Twenty five non-dormant seeds of rice were put on the soil surface of pots. The pots were watered regularly with equal amount of water. The number of emerged seedlings was counted daily up to 12 days of seed placement. Plant height, leaf numbers and leaf area of rice were measured after 30 days of seed placement. The dry weight of randomly selected 10 seedlings was recorded after being dried at 72⁰C in an electric oven for seven days. The weed debris at different concentrations of Parthenium reduced the seed emergence, plant height, leaf numbers, leaf area and seedling dry weight of rice. Seedling emergence, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, and dry weight were reduced by 25.40%, 20.98%, 20.02%, 33.85% and 22.78% respectively. Among all the parameters were considered, leaf area was most affected than other parameters. The inhibitory effects on rice were positively related to the concentration of parthenium weed debris in soil.

Keywords: Allelopathy, Parthenium weed, Rice

Location: Agronomy net house, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-09-2009

End Date: 00-12-2009

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To assess the allelopathic effects of parthenium weed debris (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) on the emergence and seedling development of rice.

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy net house, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during of September to December 2009 to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Parthenium weed debris on seed emergence, plant height, leaf numbers, leaf area and dry weight of rice (BR 24). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. Pot without parthenium debris was considered as control. There were 4 concentration of Parthenium weed debris (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%). Rice seeds were collected from the BINA, Mymensingh. The Parthenium weeds were collected from Jessore. After collection of parthenium weed, fresh leaves and plants were air-dried for one week in the greenhouse. The culm and leaves of the weeds were cut into small (4-6 cm) pieces and put into paper bags. The samples were dried further in an electric oven at 70⁰C for 3 days. The oven-dried plant samples were then cut into smaller (0.5 – 1.0 cm) pieces and then mixed with field soil. Four concentrations of weed debris (e.g. 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g dry weight per 100g soil) were included. After mixing weed debris with the soil it was kept for 7 days for decomposition. Twenty five non-dormant seeds of Rice were put in the soil of each of the pots and were watered regularly (two times a day) with more or less equal amount of water to maintain a moisture content at 80% field capacity. Data was collected on the selected parameters (seed germination, plant height, leaf number, leaf area and dry weight). The seeds of 2 mm plumule above the soil surface were considered as a germinated seed. Plant height of the test crops was measured after 30 days of seed placement. The leaf numbers of randomly selected ten plants was counted. The leaf area was also measured at the same time. The dry weight of randomly selected 10 seedlings was recorded after being placed in an electric oven for seven days at 70⁰C temperature. Percent reduction in all the parameters due to different concentration of parthenium weed debris in comparison to control was also estimated. The collected data on different parameters of the crops were statistically analyzed using MSTAT-C and the mean differences were adjudged using DMRT.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 4 (2): 193-196, 2010; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The weed debris of different concentrations of Parthenium reduced the seed germination, plant height, leaf numbers; leaf area and seedling dry weight of rice. The percent reduction in rice parameters were estimated against control. Among the plant parameters, leaf area (33.88%) was mostly affected by the different concentrations of parthenium weed debris. Inhibitory effects of Parthenium weed debris were progressively increased with the increase in debris concentration. Therefore, we should be careful about incorporation of parthenium weed debris in the soil of rice fields.

Knowledge Management: Journal