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Optimum Dietary Carbohydrate to Lipid Ratio in Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes Fossilis (bloch, 1792)

M. Zulfikar Ali
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh.

M. Enamul Hoq
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh.

M. Mominuzzaman Khan
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh.

M. Zaher
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A feeding trial of 8-weeks was conducted in a static indoor rearing system to investigate the optimum carbohydrate to lipid ratio (CHO:L ratio) in stinging catfish, Heteropneustes jossilis. Five isonitrogenous (35% crude protein) and isoenergetic (17.06 kJ ^g-1 gross energy (GE)) fish meal based diets with varying carbohydrate to lipid (CHO:L gtg) ratios of 0.60, o.98, 1.53, 2.29 and 3.44 for diets 1-5, were tested, respectively. The diets containing a fixed protein to energy ratio (P:E ratio) of 20.50-mg protein kJ^-1GE were fed to triplicate groups of 40 fish (per 70-L tank). Fish were fed 5% of their body weight per day adjusted fortnightly. Diet 1, containing 10% carbohydrate and 17% lipids with a CHO:L ratio of 0.60 produced the poorest (p<0.05) growth rates, feed and protein efficiency. Increasing carbohydrate content in the diets to 26% concomitant with a reduction in lipid content to 11% with a CHO:L ration of 2.29 of diet 5 significantly improved (p<0.05) growth rates, feed and protein efficiency. But did not differ with diet 4, containing CI-IO:L ratio 2.29. A further increase in dietary carbohydrate up to 31 % and a decrease in lipids levels to 9%, with a CHO:L ratio ranging from 2.29 to 3.44 (diet 4-5) did not significantly improve the fish performance. Apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) of fish fed diet 5 was higher (p<0.05) than for diets 1&2 but did not differ from diets 3 & 4. Higher lipid deposition (p<0.05) in whole body was observed with decreasing dietary CHO:L ratios as increasing lipid levels. Whole body protein of fish fed varying CHO:L diets did not show any discernible changes among the dietary treatments. This study revealed that H. fossilis can perform equally well on diets containing carbohydrate ranging from 26 to 31? with 9 to 11 % lipid or at CHO:L gig ratio of 2.29-3.44.

Keywords: Heteropneustes jossilis, Carbohydrate to lipid ratio, Protein utilization

Location: BFRI, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cat fish

Objectives:

To investigate dietary carbohydrate to lipid interactions and their influence on growth, feed and protein utilization and body composition leading to optimization of CHO:L ratio for H. fossilis.

Methodology:

Five experimental isonitrogenous (35% CP) and isoenergatic (17.06 kJg^-1GE) diets were formulated with a PIE ratio 20.50 mg protein kJ^-1 GE based on results from previous studies of optimized PIE ratio of H. fossilis. The experiment was conducted in a static indoor rearing system with 15 cylindrical fibre glass tanks (80 cm diameter, 75 cm deep, 70-L each). Artificial aeration was used to maintain an adequate level of dissolved oxygen in each test tank. About sixty percent of the water in the system was replaced biweekly to avoid accumulation of waste products. Water quality parameters such as temperature (26.00-35.50?), pH (6.80-7.90), dissolved oxygen (570-7.80 mg/L) and ammonia (0.12-0.30 mg/L) remained within acceptable ranges for stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Seven hundred 10-week old (average weight 1.72±0.02 g) shing fingerlings were collected from local fish vendors of Mymensingh. The collected fish were given a prophylactic treatment with salt (3% NaCI) solution for 10 minutes. During treatment sufficient oxygen supply was maintained through artificial aeration. Before starting the experiment the fish were acclimatized to the experimental condition for one week. Fish were randomly assigned into groups of 40 per 70-L cylindrical fibre glass tank. Each dietary treatment had three replications and the experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. The fish were individually weighed at the start and at the end of the experiment and hulk-weighed by tank fortnightly in between. Fortnightly bulk weights were used to adjust the daily feed ration for the following 2 weeks. The fish were offered the test diets three times daily at the rate of 5% of their body weight and sub-divided into three equal feeds at 9.30, 13.00 and 17.00 h. Prior to weighing, fish were caught with a fine mesh scoop net and excess water was then removed from fish body by gently blotting on a soft tissue paper. Weight of fish in each sampling was measured by bulk weighing them using a digital electronic balance. The sampled fish were handled very carefully. The experimental tanks were washed and cleaned during sampling time. At the onset of the experiment, 15 fish were sacrificed for analysis of initial carcass composition. At the termination of the experiment, 4 fish were taken from each replication for determination of whole body composition. Proximate composition of diet ingredients, diets and whole body fish (carcass) were analyzed in triplicate following AOAC (1990) methods. The growth performance, feed utilization, and whole body composition data were analyzed using one way ANOVA. Paired mean comparisons among the treatments were made using Duncan's Multiple Range Tests. A significance level of (p<0.05) was used. Standard deviation (±SD) was calculated to identify the range of means. Percentage data were arc-sine transformed prior to ANOVA and reversed afterward.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries Research, June-Dec. 2010, Vol.14(1-2), pp:19-28, ISSN:1026-6690.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In this study stinging cat fish, Heteropneustes fossilis can perform equally well on isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets (35% protein, 17.05 kJ g^-1 GE) containing carbohydrate ranging from 26 to 31 % with 9 to 11 % lipid or at CHO:L ratios of 2.29 to 3.44.

Knowledge Management: Journal