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Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Cadusafos and Diazinon to Three Indian Major Carps (catla Catla, Labeo Rohita and Cirrhinus Mrigala) Fingerlings

Z. Hossain
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M.F.A. Mollah
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

G.C. Haldar
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Station, Chandpur 3602, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Fingerlings of three Indian major carps, viz. Catla catla (Hamilton-Buchanon), Labeo rohita (Hamilton-Buchanon) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton-Buchanon), were exposed to different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (lorsban 10 G), cadusafos (rugby 10 G) and diazinon (basudin 10 G) for a period of 96 h with a view to determine the median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) values for each of chemicals. Of the tested concentrations, chlorpyrifos at a dose of 6.65 ppm, cadusafos at 2.0 ppm and diazinon at a dose of 8.40 ppm or above induced 100% mortalities within 96 h of exposure. The 96 h LC₅₀ values of chlorpyrefos, cadusafos and diazinon were 1.66, 0.72 and 2.10 ppm for C. catla, 2.35, 0.72 and 2.97 for L. rohita and 2.35, 0.72 and 2.10 ppm for C. mrigala, respectively. Pesticide induced behavioural abnormalities observed in the present study included erratic movements, rapid operculum activities, jumping of fish out of the test media, violent spasm and convulsion.

Keywords: Toxicity, Chlorpyrifos, Cadusafos, Diazinon, Indian major carp

Location: Faculty of fisheries, BAU

Start Date: 00-00-1998

End Date: 00-00-1998

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Carp fish

Objectives:

To determine the LC₅₀ values of chlorpyrifos (lorsban 10 G), cadusafos (rugby 10 G) and diazinon (basudin 10 G) to three Indian major carps (C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala) fingerlings at different exposure times during a 96 h exposure period.

Methodology:

The insecticides: The empirical formula of chlorpyrifos is C₉HuCl₃N0₃P₅. These are a product of 0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2 pyridyl) phosphorothiate. Lorsban are emulsifiable concentrate and granular product containing 150 g/kg of chloropyrifos as the active ingredient respectively. Chlorpyrifos has a very low solubility in water but is readily soluble in most common organic solvents. These two insecticides are effective for control of a wide range of important insects and certain other arthropod pests. The empirical formula of cadusafos is C₁₀H₂₃0₂S₂P. It is a product of S, S-di-Secbutyl 0-ethyl Phosphorodithioate. It is a granular product containing 100 g/kg of cadusafos as the active ingredient. It is soluble in water and most organic solvents. It is effective to control nematodes and many soil insects. The empirical formula of diazinon is C₁₂H₂₁N₂₀₃PS. It is a product of 0,0-diethyl 0-2-isopropyl-6-6methylpyrimidin-4 yl Phosphorodithioate. It is a granular product containing 100 g/kg of diazinon as the active ingredient. It is effective to control wide range of important insects of rice, sugarcane and vegetables. All the pesticides were procured from the local pesticide dealer. Test animal: Fingerlings of C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala averaging 2.95 ± 0.09 g, 2.90 ± 0.08 g and 2.94 ± 0.10 gin body weight and 6.78 ± 0.13 cm, 7.59 ± 0.15 cm and 7.60 ± 0.14 cm in total length respectively were tested in the present study. The length and weight of the fingerlings were recorded by a measuring scale and a five figure digital electrical balance (model, JL-180, Japan). The test fingerlings were acclimatized without feeding in 500 L fibre glass tanks at the density of 0.03 g/1 for 3 days at room temperature. Experimental procedure: The experiments were conducted in a series of glass aquaria of size 30 cm x 60 cm x 28 cm having capacity of 50 litres of water. Aquaria were filled with 35 litres pond water which was free from insecticide contamination. For the test of lorsban 15 G, rugby 10 G and basudin 10 G 0.83, 1.66, 3.33, 6.65, 13.30 and 26.60 and, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 and 1.05, 2.1, 4.2, 8.4, 16.8, 33.6 and 67.2 ppm concentrations and a control were maintained for C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala each having three replicates. The required test materials (lorsban, rugby and basudin) were weighed by a five figure digital electrical balance. Ten acclimatized fingerlings of uniform size were stocked in each aquarium as soon as after mix-up of test materials. Behaviour of test fish fingerling were observed and dead fish were recorded and removed as soon as they were seen. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, carbon-di-oxide, pH, total alkalinity and hardness of test media were recorded everyday. Temperature and pH were monitored with a model HI-8314 portable pH meter. Dissolved oxygen were measured with a oxygen meter (model, HI 9142, England). Total alkalinity and hardness were determined with a Hach water quality test kit (model FF-2, USA). The LC₅₀ values of different concentrations and exposure times were calculated with the application of binomial formula.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fish. Res., 4(2): 191-198, 2000

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Of the tested concentrations, chlorpyrifos at a dose of 6.65 ppm, cadusafos at 2.0 ppm and diazinon at a dose of 8.40 ppm or above induced 100% mortalities within 96 h of exposure. The 96 h LC₅₀ values of chlorpyrefos, cadusafos and diazinon were 1.66, 0.72 and 2.10 ppm for C. catla, 2.35, 0.72 and 2.97 for L. rohita and 2.35, 0.72 and 2.10 ppm for C. mrigala, respectively. Pesticide induced behavioural abnormalities observed in the present study included erratic movements, rapid operculum activities, jumping of fish out of the test media, violent spasm and convulsion.

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