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Cattle and Poultry Manures as Alternative to Chemical Phosphorus Fertilizer for Lowland Rice

M A Saleque
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701.

AT M S Hossain
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701.

A Khatun
Rice Farming Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. GAzipur 1701.

S K Zaman
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur farm on a phosphorus (P) deficient soil to evaluate cowdung (CD) and poultry manure (PM) as a substitute for chemical P fertilizer. Twenty kg P ha^-1 from triple super phosphate (TSP) was compared with I t ha^-1of CD and PM along with P control in a split-plot design using BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 in 2003, and genotypes BR4828-54-4-1-4-9 and BRRI dhan29 in 2004. The manure/fertilizer treatment was assigned in the main plot and the variety in the sub-plot. Each plot received a Oat dose of 150 kg N. 50 kg K and 10 kg S ha^-1, respectively. In P control plot, BR4828-54-4-1-4-9 and BRRI dhan29 yielded 5.44 and 4.71 t ha^-1 respectively. Application of either p fertilizer or manure increased rice yield by 14-39%. Phosphorus uptake and harvest index in the chemical P treated or manure applied plots were greater than in the control plots. Differences in grain yield and P uptake between TSP and CD or PM were insignificant. The experiment suggests that application of I t ha^-1 CD or PM may substitute chemical fertilizer requirement for rice in a mildly P deficient soil

Keywords: Maturity time, P uptake, P use efficiency.

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur.

Start Date: 01-02-2003

End Date: 30-10-2004

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil fertility

Objectives:

To evaluate the use of CD and PM as a substitute for chemical P fertilizer for rice cultivation.

Methodology:

Field experiment was conducted in 2003 and 2004 on a Chhiata clay soil under irrigated conditions at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur during Bora season. The experimental field soil has pH 6.8, organic C 10.8 g kg^-1, total NO.8 g kg^-1, available P 6 mg kg^-1 (Olsen) and exchangeable K 0.21 cmol_e k^-1. The experiment was laid out in a split- plot design with three replications. Two P doses, 0 and 20 kg P ha^-1, CD and PM each at the rate of I t ha^-1 (dry weight-basis) were assigned in the main plot and two modern genotypes BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 in 2003 and BR4828-54-4-1-4-9 and BRRI dhan29 in 2004 were grown in sub-plots. The N, P and K concentration in CD (oven dry basis) was 0.85, I.4I, and 1.38% and that in PM was 0.99, 2.61, and 3.63%, respectively. Field layout was made with unit plot size of 6.5 x 6.0 m. Each plot received a blanket dose of 150 kg N, 50 kg K and 10 kg S ha^-1 from urea, muriate of potash and gypsum, respectively. All of the K and Sand 1/3rd of N were applied at the final land preparation and the rest of the N was applied in two equal splits at 35 days after transplanting (DAT) and 50 DAT. Forty-Five-day old seedlings were transplanted at 20- x 20- cm spacing. Proper water management and plant protection measures were taken throughout the experiment.

At maturity, crops were harvested from an area of 5 m² for grain yield and the grain weight was adjusted to 14% moisture content. Sixteen hills were harvested at the ground level for counting tiller and panicle, and straw yield (oven dry). Straw and grain samples (200 mg each) were digested in 5:2 concentrated HNO₃ and HClO₄ mixture (modified from Yoshida et al., 1976) and analyzed for P by spectrophotometer (Yoshida et al .. 1976). The effectivencss of CD and PM was compared with chemical P fertilizer from grain yield and cost analysis (Yadvinder-Singh et al., 2000).

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the measured parameters of each year was performed and the treatment means were compared using Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at the 5% level of probability.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 14 (I & 2) : 49-54, 2008

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Cowdung and poultry manure may be used to substitute chemical P fertilizer for rice cultivation in Bangladesh where farmers face hardship to afford agricultural inputs.

Knowledge Management: Journal