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Effect of Stocking Density on Growth of Tiger Shrimp (penaeus Monodon Fab.) Fed on Commercial Formulated Diets

S.C. Chakraborty
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh

M.A. Hossain
Department of Aquaculture, BAU, Mymensingh

A. K. Paul
Sonali Bank, Barisal Branch, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Three different stocking rates in a semi-intensive pilot shrimp project was adopted in duplicates of three treatments designated as T₁, T₂and T₃ having initial per metre square stocking density of shrimp of 40, 44 and 51 respectively of 0.025 g size post larva. The study was conducted for 84 days. Commercial pelleted diets designated as starter - 1, 2, 3 and grower were fed at a satiation level during the study period with a feeding frequency of 4 to 5 times per day. Feed rationing was based on the survivability, body weight and tray checking. Five to twenty five percent of the pond water was exchanged daily. Sampling was done for growth after every 2nd week. Monthly sampling was done for mortality in the ponds. Mean weight gain of the shrimp in treatments T₁, T₂ and T₃ were 16.96 ± 1.14, 16.04 ± 1 .38 and 14.08 ± 1.17 g respectively and T₁ with a low stocking density showed a significantly best growth among the treatments. Total mortality in treatments T₁, T₂ and T₃ were as 30.00, 39.77 and 31.37% respectively. Significantly higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.87 was obtained with shrimp in treatment T₃ followed by shrimp in T₁ and T₂ with FCR values of 1.70 and 1.41 respectively. A positive correlation of growth and salinity was observed during the study. Total production per unit area was the highest in the treatment T₃ (4928 kg/ha) and followed by T₁ (4747 kg I ha) and T₂ (4251 kg/ ha). The result show significantly negative correlation between individual growth and density.

Keywords: P. monodon, Stocking density, Formulated diets

Location: Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-09-1993

End Date: 00-12-1993

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of stocking density on the growth and survival of tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon) using commercial pelleted diets in order to assess the growth performance and feed utilization efficiencies.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted between September 1993 and December 1993 in six culture ponds of Beximco Fisheries Ltd. located at Khurushkul, on the bank of the river Bakkhali in the coastal district of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. A total area of about 5.5 hectares comprising 3.93 hectares of water area was selected for the study. The farm consisted of 7 ponds, a single reservoir, a network of water discharge and feeder canals. A good water supply and drainout system was there in the farm where water could be pumped to the reservoir (during spring-tide water entered in the reservoir through the sluice gate via the lift-valve), to get in to the feeder canal. The water in the reservoir is treated to settle the suspended material. A coarse and fine meshed net protected the entrance of undesirable organism to the feeder canal. Discharge of water was maintained by gravitational forces through PVC pipes which was set at three different levels of water for elimination of desired level water as per requirements. Six paddle wheels for each pond were used for aeration and elimination of waste product. For the study a total of six ponds comprising two replicates for each of treatment T₁, treatment T₂ and treatment T₃ with stocking densities of 40, 44 and 51 nos. post larvae of shrimps per metre square respectively were selected. Before starting of the experiment, black soil of the pond bottoms wereremoved followed by sun drying for 7 days. Lime was used at a rate of 250 kg/ha on the bottom and slope of these ponds. The water depth of the ponds were kept up to 1 meter. Urea and Triple-super-phosphate (TSP) at a rate of 7 kg/ha and 4 kg/ha respectively were then sprayed on paddle wheel for production of Phytoplankton and Zoo-plankton. Tea seed cake, at a rate of 8 ppm was applied three days after entering water for killing of unexpected organisms in ponds. After three days, the ponds were ready for stocking shrimp fry . The fry (PL 10 to PL 20) having mean weight of 0.025 g and mean length of 18.00 mm) of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) were collected from "The Niribili private nursery and hatchery, Ltd, Cox1s Bazar, Bangladesh. Commercial pelleted diets designated, Starter-1, starter-2, starter-3 and grower obtained from Saudi-Bangla fish feed Ltd., Mymensingh containing 30.57, 38.00, 38.00 and 36.00% crude protein mostly fish meal based respectively were used in the feeding trials. Blind feeding was continued 7 days after stocking, considering 10% mortality. Weekly sampling was done for getting mean weight of shrimps in each pond. Feeding frequency varied between 4 - 5 times per day depending on the mean weight of the shrimps. Starter-1 was fed upto 0.1 g mean body weight of shrimp. Starter-2, starter-3 and grower were fed upto 0.5g, 3 g and 20 g size respectively from the lower limit. For feeding, 1 m² hanging-feeding-tray platforms for each 1600 m² water area were set at 2 to 3 meters far from the bank by a pair of bamboo pole and a strong plank. Total daily ration allocated for feeding tray was divided by the no. of trays per pond and spread out on the tray during feed broadcast. The unfed food on trays were collected, pooled and dried for each pond and used to adjust subsequent feed ration. Gut contents of shrimp were checked for under feeding and full feeding. Routine water quality measurement was done during the experimental period. Among these, dissolved oxygen was measured by YSI 57 DO meter before sun rise and at 4.00 p.m. daily. Temperature, pH, salinity and transparency (secchi-disc method) were measured once daily and ammonia was measured (by field method) monthly. Depending on the requirements water was exchanged about 5 to 25% daily and water depth was maintained 1 meter up to 30th day of culture and up to 1 .75 meters for the rest. At the primary culture stage a small amount of water was exchanged for maintaining expected phytoplankton and zooplankton level which are natural food for fry and also a controlling factor of 11 lab lab11 and dissolved oxygen. Fertilization was done as per requirements for maintaining transparency at expected level of 30 to 40 em. Lab lab was collected by scoop net immediately after floating. Lime was applied in the pond water, 30 days after stocking at a rate of 5 ppm and continued weekly for rest of the culture period. Paddle wheels of 2 HP in each pond were used for occasional agitation upto 20 days of culture period. Sampling by cast net was done after every 2nd week of stocking. One hundred shrimps were weighed and measured for each pond. For estimation of mortality, cast net was operated randomly in 5 to 7 pre-selected places and the captured shrimps were counted. The area covered by the sampling cast net was measured and compared by some terrestrial casting. Efficiency of cast net was considered at 80% (Pers. com. Uddin, Farm Manager, Beximco Fisheries Ltd., Cox's Bazar). Total stocking was then determined by using formula. Then survivability was calculated. Initial harvesting was done by cast net and finally by lantern net and hand picking. During harvesting, mean weight and number of harvested shrimps were recorded and finally survivability was calculated. The experimental diets, carcass composition of shrimps under the experiment were analyzed for proximate analysis by the method. For initial carcass analysis of shrimp a group of significant number of fry (weighing about 20g fry from the initial stock) were sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment, and used for proximate analysis for moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash, and considered as initial carcass composition. The final carcass composition of harvested shrimp samples from each replicate was dried in oven at 1^oC for 24 hours and ground by meat grinder to be analyzed in the same process.One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to find the significant difference among the treatment means followed by the Duncan's new multiple range test using minitab package on microcomputer.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fish. Res., 1(1) : 53-63, 1996

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Stocking density affected the individual weight gain of shrimp but mortality may not be correlated with the stocking density. Therefore, similar experiment should be conducted with lower stocking density to compare the growth efficiency and mortality. Considering the disease problem of neighboring farms it was also recommended that farms should be situated at a reasonable distance from each other for avoiding entrance of polluted water-discharge.

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