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Determination of Physiological Maturity of Jute (corchorus Spp) Seeds on the Basis of Fruit Characteristics

A. L. Khandakar
Physiology Department, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Selina Begum
Physiology Department, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Altaf Hossain
Physiology Department, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To determine tile right time of harvest for jute seed, some physiological maturity parameters of the seed were correlated with fruit characteristics. Corchorus capsularis seed and C. olitorius seed attained their physiological maturity after 194 and 178 days of crop growth respectively as reflected in their optimum germinability, lowest moisture content and optimum dry matter accumulation. Maximum number of fruits appeared in the plants when 60% fruits of C. capsularis and 70% fruits of C. olitorius attained brown colour and the seed yield was optimum as well.

Keywords: Physiological, Jute, Seeds, Fruit character

Location: Research Farm of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute

Start Date: 08-04-1985

End Date: 30-04-1985

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Jute

Objectives:

To fetch physiological maturity for optimum seed production.

Methodology:

Seeds of C. capsularis (0-154) and C. olitorius (0-4) were sown on the 8th and 30th ApriI, 1985 respectively within their recommended time of sowing for both fibre and seed production. The size of each plot was 5x 3m with 6 replications. The seeds were sown in line with line to line distance of 30 cm when the plant to plant distance was 5 cm. The experiment was conducted in sandy loam soil in the Central Research Farm of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute. The seeds were sown after initial irrigation of the land then the crop was raised in the rainfed condition. A normal fertilizer dose of 22kg urea, 22kg triple super phosphate, 11 kg murate of potash/acre was applied at the time of sowing. There had been three normal weeding and thinning and one application of Thiovit (sulphur 80%) at the rate of 33g/gallon of water against mite (Tetranychus bioculatus) attack. A sample of 20 plants were collected from each plot in each harvest from fruit appearance to fruit bursting at an interval of 7 days. Fruit number, fruit colour, seed germination, seed moisture content, fresh weight and dry matter content of seed and the total seed yield per plant were recorded. All these parameters had been recorded during seed development from 166 days to 20 I days in C. capsularis and from 150 to 186 days in C. olitorius until the fruits started bursting. Seed germination test was carried out with sun dried seeds in the laboratory. Infected seedlings were discarded during the germination tests. Only the normal seedlings were counted for germination for seed testing. Fresh weight of the seed was taken just after the harvest and dry weight was taken after drying the seed in an oven at 105°C for 24 hours. Seed moisture content was calculated. The total seed yield was recorded with 8% (+0.5) seed moisture content after sun drying for 6 days. All data were analysed for least significant difference.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agri. 1993,18: 35-40

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results so far presented show that fruit browing started after 173 days in C. capsularis and 164 days in C. olitorius when the corresponding seed germinability was around 30% in both the species. With the increase of fruit browning seed germinability increased until 207 days in C. capsularis and 186 days in C. olitorius. Fresh seed weight did not decline to the extent it lost moisture because of dry weight increase of the seed during this period. Seed moisture loss was compensated by dry matter accumulation in the seed. With the increase of seed germination seed moisture content showed a gradual decline. At the same time individual dry seed weight increased until 194 days in C. capsularis and 178 days in C. olitorius and then showed a drownard trend. This loss of individual dry seed weight may be attributed to respiratory loss. The seed yield per plant was optimum from 187-194 days for C. capsularis and at 178 days for C. olitorius which declined to a greater extent in the later stage. This loss of the seed yield per plant after the peak period could be the coumulative loss due to insitu respiration of the seed and shattering of the fruits. More than 70% of C. capsularis fruits appeared before the fruit browing started and afterwards the fruit number increased very slowly upto 201 days as recorded but seed shattering started after 194 days as demonstrated by the decline in seed yield of the plants. In C. olitorius 35% fruits appeared before browning started and the number increased upto 85% by 178 days but seed shattering already started after 178 days

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