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Micro Mineral Profile of Cattle in Four Selected Areas of Mymensingh District

M. Shahjalal
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202,Bangladesh

A. B. M. Khaleduzzaman
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202,Bangladesh

Z. H. Khandaker
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202,Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was undertaken with a view to investigate the micro mineral profile of feed and cattle at four agro-ecological zones (Haluaghat, Nandail, Trishal and Karimgonj upazila) in Mymensingh district. The differences (P>0.05) of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in rice straw, road side grass and fallow land grasses for different land type were not found. The average mineral concentration (ppm) of straw was 6.12, 24.93, 291.3, and 224.9 for Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn respectively. The values for Fe and Mn contents were higher and Cu and Zn contents were lower than the critical value. Both the road side and fallow land grasses contained adequate amount of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn. The Cu and Zn content of blood serum did not vary significantly (P>0.05) among the cattle of four different land types. Based on 0.65 ppm serum Cu as critical level indicated a higher percentage of samples were below the critical level. Besides, increased incidence of Zn deficiency in medium high land (42%) and very low land (35%) was observed. All samples analyzed 66% were deficient in Cu content and 23% cattle were deficient in Zn. Land type differences (P<0.05) were found for blood serum Fe and Mn. The average Fe concentration in very low land gave significantly (P<0.05) higher value than that of high, medium high and low land. Serum Fe and Mn concentrations of all samples were above the critical level of 1.0 ppm and 20 μg/ml respectively and the animals were not deficient in Fe and Mn. The liver Cu concentration was similar (P>0.05) in four different regions. The overall incidence of liver samples deficient in Cu was 53% for all land types. No significant (P>0.05) difference in liver Zn concentration was recorded among the samples collected from different land types and none of cattle liver samples was deficient in Zn as well as Fe and Mn concentration. From the results of the present study, it is evident that low concentration of Cu and Zn in rice straw reflected in the blood samples of the animals suggesting the need of extra supplementation of these two elements to the cattle feed of Mymensingh district.

Keywords: Copper, Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Feed, Cattle

Location: Haluaghat, Nandail, Trishal and Karimgonj upazila in Mymensingh district

Start Date: 00-10-2007

End Date: 00-03-2008

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the micro mineral profile in cattle of four selected areas of Mymensingh district.

Methodology:

Site of the experiment - The experiment was conducted in two phases; the first phase was the collection of feed stuffs and biological samples (blood serum and liver) and the second phase was laboratory analysis of the collected samples. In the first phase of the experiment, Mymensingh district was selected which was located at 24º 75′ N latitude and 90º 50′ E longitude at an altitude of 18 m above the mean sea level. The region occupies a large part of Brahmaputra sediments which are laid down before the river shifted into its present Jamuna channel about 200 years ago. The climate of the locality is sub-tropical in nature and is characterized by high temperature and heavy rainfall during the Kharif season (April to September) and scanty rainfall associated with moderately low temperature during the Rabi season (October to March). The total area of Mymensingh districts is 4363.48 square km. Collection of samples - Feeds and animal tissue (Blood and liver) samples were collected from four selected areas of Mymensingh district. From each location, one village was taken randomly for sample collection. The area from which the samples were collected was classified on the land type and the characteristics in four agro-ecological zones as described by FSRDP, BAU. Detailed survey of feeding practice followed in the experimental area was conducted. Data was collected previously made questionnaire. Representative samples of feeds commonly fed to animals were collected. Animal tissues (blood and liver) from slaughtered animals were also collected for each of the sampling periods from each location. Information about cattle from slaughter house was also collected. Samples (feed, blood, liver etc.) were collected twice during winter season i.e. mid (December-January) and late (February-March) and the summer season i.e. early (April-May) and late (July-August) from the four agro-ecological zones of Mymensingh district. Determination of micro minerals - The analysis was carried out in the Animal Nutrition Laboratory of the Department of Animal Nutrition and in the Central Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. For the estimation of micro mineral (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) contents of feedstuffs, one g of ground sample was taken in a beaker following wet oxidation method. In case of liver 2 g of samples was taken in the tube. Fifteen ml of nitric acid (HNO3), 10 ml of per-chloric acid and 5 ml of hydrochloric acid (HCl) (nitric acid, per-chloric acid and hydrochloric acid 3:2:1) were added to a beaker. The beaker was then placed in a digestion chamber and was heated until dense white fume was evolved and the solution became clear. After cooling the beaker, distilled water was added and diluted digesta was filtered through the Whatman filter paper no 42 and its volume were made to 100 ml. The solution was ready for the estimation of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn. In case of blood serum, 1 ml of serum was measured by micro–pipette and 9 ml of distilled water was added to dilute it up to 10 ml of volume. Copper, zinc, iron and manganese concentration of the digested samples (straw, grasses and biological materials i.e. blood and liver) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after dilution with double distilled water. Statistical analysis - All the experimental data were analyzed using “MSTAT” statistical program to compute analysis of variance (ANOVA) for a completely randomized design (CRD). Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was done to identify significant variation among the treatment means.

Source of Information: Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2008, 37 (1) : 44 - 52; ISSN 0003-3588

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Rice straw was found to be the main sources of roughages in the ration of cattle in four selected areas of Mymensingh district. Cu and Zn content was recorded consistently low in straw in four selected areas of Mymensingh district. Low concentration of Cu and Zn in rice straw reflected in blood samples of the animals suggesting the need of extra supplementation of these two elements to the cattle of Mymensingh district. If the feed containing high concentration of Zn and Cu i.e. are fed to the cattle along with straw of that area, the deficiency of Zn and Cu in the blood may not be observed. Therefore, supplementation of Cu and Zn either in feed containing higher amount of these two elements (Cu and Zn) or in synthetic form may be suggested of those selected areas of Mymensingh district.

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