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Evaluation of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Red Flour Beetle

M. Begum
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202

M.L. Sarker
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An investigation was carried out in the laboratory with acetone and water extracts of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules), Nishinda,(Vitex negundo), Datura, (Datura fastuosa) and Pithraj, (Aphanamixis polystachya) at 100, 75 50 and 25 mg/ml concentrations to evaluated for their toxic effects against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum The results showed that extracts of all the four plants had toxic on the insect. The Nishinda leaf extract was the most toxic for red flour beetle (mortality,42.12%). The results also showed that actetone extract was more effective than water extract. The effectiveness of the extracts of the test plants increased with the increase of concentration.

Keywords: Evaluation, Plant extract, Red flour beetle

Location: The laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh and Division of Entomology, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-05-2004

End Date: 00-02-2005

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the toxic effects of plant extract of Eucalyptus, Nishinda, Datura and Pitraj in controlling red flour beetle.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh and Division of Entomology, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, during the period from May 2004 to February 2005. Fresh plant materials i.e. leaves of Eucaluptus(Eucalyptus globules), Nishinda (Vitex negundo L.), Datura (Datura fastuosa L) and Pithraj (Aphanamixis polystachya) were collected from different areas of Mymensingh. The collected leaves were washed and air dried then in the oven. Dried leaves were then powered in an electric grinder. Collection and Rearing of Insect: Red flour beetles were collected from the Division of Entomology, BINA, Mymensingh. Then they were maintained in the growth chamber at 27-30⁰C and 70-75%RH. The insects were reared on sterilized wheat grains in rectangular jars of size14x10x30cm. Each jar was set up with 80 pairs of adults beetles. Wheat grains and wheat flour were sterilized at 60⁰C for 30 minutes. Then they were used as food for red flour beetle. The jares were covered with a piece of cloth fastened with rubber band to prevent contaminations and insect escape. After allowing them for free ovipositors for a period of 7 days, all the adults of red flour beetle were removed from each jar. Then the jars were put back in to growth chamber for completing the generation of insects. Preparation of plant dust: The collected dried leaves were ground to powder in an electric grinder. A 25 mesh diameter sieve was used to obtain fine dust. Methods of Extraction: Previously prepared leaf dusts were used for preparation of plant extract. Ten grams of each category dust were taken in a 600ml beaker and separately mixed with 100 ml different solvents (acetone, and distilled water). Then the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes by a magnetic stirrer stirrer (at 6000rpm) and left to stand for next 24 hours. The mixture was then filtered through a fine cloth and again through filter paper ( Whatman No-1.). The filtered materials were taken into a round bottom flask and then condensed by evaporation of solvents in a water bath at 45⁰C, 55⁰C and 80⁰C temperature for acetone and water extracts respectively. After the evaporation of solvent from filtrate, the condensed extracts were preserved in tightly corked-labeled bottles and stored in a refrigerator until their use for insect bioassays. Preparation of stock solution: 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml solutions of each category of plant extracts were prepared dissolving the extract in the respective solvent prior to insect bioassay. Disinfestations of wheat grains: The wheat grains were spread on the black polythene sheet and sun dried from 9 a.m.to 2 p.m.in sun-light with air temperature ranging from 32-42⁰C for five consecutive days. Sun-dried grains were kept in the oven at 45⁰C for few hours, packed in polythene bag and sealed to avoid future infestation. Insect Bioassays: The present study was designed with following types of bioassays to determine the direct toxicity, residual and repellent effects against T.castaneum. Toxicity tests (by topical application method): A laboratory test for direct toxicity by topical method was conducted. Four different concentrations of each plant extracts (100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml) were prepared with respective solvents. Then one ul of prepared solution was applied to the dorsal surface of the thorax of each insect using a micro-capillary tube. Ten insects per replication were treated and each treatment was replicated 3 times. In addition, the same numbers of insects were treated with solvent only for control. After treatment, the insects were transferred into 9 cm diameter Petridishes (10 insects/petridish) containing food (wheat grains). Insect mortalities were recorded by at, 48 and 72 hours after treatment (HAT). Original data were corrected by Abbott (s) (1987) formula and then transformed into arcsine percentages before ANOVA. P - C P = (P - C)/(100 - C) x 100, Where, P=Percentage of corrected mortality, p= Observed mortality (%), C= Control mortality (%). The Probit analyses were done to estimate LC₅₀ values with their 95% fiducial limits and the slopes of regression lines were also calculated. Statistical Analysis: All the experimental data were statistically analyzed by Completely Randomized Design (factorial CRD) using MSTAT statistical software in a microcomputer. The mean values were adjusted by Duncan`s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 4 (1): 81-84, 2010; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results showed that extracts of all the four plants had toxic on the insect. The Nishinda leaf extract was the most toxic for red flour beetle (mortality,42.12%). The results also showed that actetone extract was more effective than water extract. The effectiveness of the extracts of the test plants increased with the increase of concentration.

Knowledge Management: Journal