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Efficiency of Potash Fertilizer Application in Rice-rice and Rice-wheat Cropping Systems in Bangladesh

M. A. Mazid Miah
Chief Scientific Officer and Head
Soil Science Division,BRRI, Gazipur-1701

P. K. Saha
Senior Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701

Aminul Islam
Senior Scientific officer
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701

M. Nazmul Hasan
Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701

V. V. Nosov
Coordinator for Bangladesh, India and Srilanka
IPI, C/O IPC, P.O. Box 486, Moscow 119034, Russia

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Research trials and farmers’ field demonstrations were conducted in the Central and Northwestern (NW) region of Bangladesh to study the effect of potassium fertilizer on rice and wheat yields and find out the appropriate dose of potassium fertilizer for these crops under rice-rice and rice-wheat cropping pattern. Potassium fertilization significantly increased the production of rice-rice and rice-wheat cropping system. In the complete fertilized plot, the yearly grain yield of rice was roughly consistent within the range of 9-10 t ha^-1 while in the -K plots the grain yield production decreased sharply with time from about 10 t ha^-1 in 1985 to 6.2 t ha^-1 in 2000. Application of K to the plots not receiving K for the last 16 years, a dramatic yield increase by 2 t ha^-1 was observed. The estimated nutrient balance after 16 years indicated K mining from fertilized plot was 141 kg ha^-1 yr^-1 and from K omitted plot was 132 kg ha^-1 yr^-1. Potassium fertilization @ 50 kg K ha^-1 appeared to be sufficient and economically most viable to produce optimum grain yield of rice in both dry and wet season in clay loam soil at Gazipur and 66 kg K ha^-1 for T. Aman rice and wheat in sandy loam soil in NW region of Bangladesh. Crop residues incorporation @ 4.5 t ha^-1 substantially increased the rice and wheat yield, which was comparable to that of 33 kg K ha^-1 and K_FP dose. In research trials K fertilization increased rice grain up to 14% over control plot in clay loam soil while 30% of rice and 53% of wheat grain in sandy loam soil. Application of K fertilizer on STB increased rice yield up to 20% in T. Aman and 22% in Boro season in the farmer’s field demonstration at Gazipur while in NW region, wheat yield increased by 86% and T. Aman rice by 25% over K control plot.

Keywords: Rice, Wheat, Potassium, Crop residue, Fertilizer efficiency

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm, Gazipur. Hajee Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU) experimental farm, Dinajpur. Farmers’ field at Gazipur, Dinajpur, Thakurgaon and Panchagar

Start Date: 01-01-2003

End Date: 01-06-2006

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

To develop appropriate K-fertilizer management practices for sustainable improvement of soil health and crop production of rice-rice and rice-wheat cropping system.

Methodology:

Research trials and farmers’ field demonstrations were conducted with varying combination of nutrient treatments under Boro-Fallow-T. Aman and Wheat-Fallow-T. Aman cropping pattern at different locations in Bangladesh during 2003-2006.Research trials were conducted at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm Gazipur (AEZ 28, Modhupur tract, medium highland) and at Hajee Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU) experimental farm, Dinajpur (AEZ 1, Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain, medium highland). Farmers’ field demonstrations were conducted at Gazipur (AEZ 28), and Dinajpur, Thakurgaon and Panchagar (AEZ 1). The Gazipur soils are clay loam in texture, low in fertility and very strongly acidic to slightly acidic in reaction. The soils of the experimental fields in north western region are sandy loam in texture, very strongly acidic to strongly acidic in nature, very low in total nitrogen, exchangeable K and S, very low to optimum in P and low to optimum in Zn content. Tested cropping patterns were Boro-Fallow-T. Aman in Gazipur and Wheat-Fallow-T. Aman in NW region. The rice varieties used for Boro were BR3, BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 and, in T. Aman BR11, BRRI dhan31, BRRI dhan39 and BRRI dhan41. The wheat variety used was Shatabdi. The continuous omission of a fertilizer nutrient was investigated in a long-term soil fertility experiment at BRRI farm Gazipur. The experiment was initiated in 1985 and has been continued to date. There was a “complete” treatment consisting of the application of recommended N, P, K, S and Zn fertilizer and other treatments “missing” the nutrient elements such as -N, -P, -K, -S and -Zn. In the research trials, six potassium treatments with varying doses viz. K control (K₀), recycling of crop residues but no K fertilizer (K₀_{+ CR}), 33 kg K ha^-1 (K₃₃), 50 kg K ha^-1 (K₅₀), 66 kg K ha^-1 (K₆₆) and farmers’ fertilizer doses (K_FP) were tested in randomized block design (RBD) with 4 replications. Farmers’ field demonstrations were established with three doses of K fertilizer viz. K control (K₀), farmer’s practice of K (K_FP) and soil test based K dose (K_STB). The soil test based flat doses of NPS and Zn was applied in all the plots. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied into 3 splits for rice and two splits for wheat. All other fertilizers (PKS and Zn) were applied at land preparation. In K₀_{+ CR} treatment, residues of previous crop were incorporated into soil through ploughing at 10-15 days before transplanting/sowing. Two to three rice seedling/hill were transplanted at 20 x 20 cm spacing and wheat was sown in rows. The crop was harvested from 5 m² area at the center of each plot and rice grain weight was adjusted to 14% and wheat grain to 12% moisture content. Soil and plant samples were analyzed using standard analytical procedure.

Source of Information: Proc. of the International Symposium held at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, 22-25 November 2006. Vol-I p.179-192.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.	Budget:
2.	Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Total grain yield dropped from about 10 t ha^-1 to 6.2 t ha^-1 due to K omission (-K) for 16 years. About 141 kg K ha^-1 yr^-1 was removed in excess of K added plot and about 132 kg K ha^-1 yr^-1 in -K plot. Grain yield (average of three years in each season) of rice increased from 6 to 13% in T. Aman and 7 to 16% in Boro season due to different doses of K application at BRRI farm, Gazipur. Rice straw @ 4.5 t ha^-1 contributed significantly to produce comparable grain yield of rice in successive crop growing seasons. In farmers’ field demonstrations, yearly increase in rice grain production estimated from K_STB plot was almost double (22%) than estimated from farmers’ fertilized plot (10%) over K control plot. At Dinajpur site, Crop residues incorporation or chemical K fertilizer application increased about 15- 30 % grain yield of rice and 21-53 % wheat grain in research trial. On the other hand, the use of K fertilizer in farmers’ field demonstrations produced about 14-25% higher rice yield and 41-86% wheat grain. Fertilizer K application improved the agronomic efficiency of K up to 50 kg ha^-1 in both Boro and T. Aman season at BRRI farm Gazipur. At HSTU, Dinajpur site, efficiency of K fertilizer slightly increased with the increasing level of K up to 66 kg ha^-1 while in the succeeding T. Aman crops, the highest efficiency was observed at 33 kg ha^-1.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings