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Morphological Characterization and Diversity Analysis of Some Selected Aromatic Rice Genotypes in Bangladesh

K.K. Bashar
Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

N.A. Ivy
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M.A.K. Mian
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

K.M. Iftekharuddaula
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M.A. Hoque
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The improvement of aromatic rice genotypes requires proper characterization of its existing germplasm. For this purpose, twenty four (nineteen aromatic and five non-aromatic fine) rice genotypes were evaluated for twenty qualitative and sixteen quantitative traits at morphological level to identify the suitable genotypes for future hybridization program at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University. All the genotypes produced same scores in the data for eight qualitative characters viz. blade colour, leaf sheath: anthocyanin colour, ligule colour, ligule shape, auricle colour, collar colour, anthocyanin coloration of nodes and stigma colour. Differences were found in the genotypes studied for rest of the qualitative characteristics. The analysis of variance indicated the existence of highly significant variability for all the characters studied. All the genotypes made seven clusters. The highest intra-cluster distance was computed for cluster I (0.75), composed of five genotypes followed by the cluster V (0.72) composed of five genotypes. Only one genotype viz. Jhingasail belonged to the cluster IV which had intra-cluster distance 0.00, indicated that this genotype was genetically diversed from other genotypes. The inter-cluster distance was the highest (19.26) between cluster III and V followed by the 17.30 between cluster II and cluster VI and the lowest distance (2.63) was obtained between cluster I and cluster III. Considering the magnitude of genetic distances the cross combination Chinigura and Jhingasail, Basmati 107 and (Jhingasail, Rong-er-gura, Kalijira, Rasmala and Chinisagor), Basmati naret and (Rasmala, Rong-er-gura and Kalijira) and Kataribhog and Chinisagor might be selected for future hybridization program.

Keywords: Aromatic rice, Morphological characterization, Cluster distance, Hybridization

Location: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-06-2014

End Date: 00-08-2014

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

1.To assess genetic diversity in Bangladeshi local aromatic rice genotypes.

2. To select suitable diverse parents for future breeding program.

Methodology:

Twenty four rice genotypes were used in this study. The list of the twenty four rice genotypes including their ecotype, BRRI accession number and place of collection is given. The field experiments for morphological characters of aromatic plants were carried out at the research field of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during June to August 2014. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each replication was divided into twenty four unit plots where twenty four genotypes were allocated at random. Thus total number of unit plots was 72. Size of each un its plot was 2.4m² (3m x 0.8m). The spaces between blocks and between plots were 1m and 0.5m, respectively. Plant to plant and line to line distance were 20 cm and 25 cm respectively. Each plot consists of 24 plants.

Data on the agronomical and morphological characters were collected from ten randomly selected hills excluding border rows from each replicated plots. Twenty qualitative and sixteen quantitative traits were recorded using “Germplasm Descriptors & Evaluation Form” by Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Mean data of quantitative traits for the morphological characters were subjected to both univariate and multivariate analysis. Univariate analysis of the individual character (analysis of variance) was done by computer using STATISTIX 10 software. The test of significance was done by F - test. Mean, range and coefficient of variation (CV%) were also estimated using STATISTIX 10. Multivariate analysis was done by computer using GENSTAT 5.5 and Microsoft Excel software through four techniques viz. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) Cluster Analysis (CA) and Canonical Vector Analysis (CVA) as suggested.

Source of Information: Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 4, p. 196-208, 2016, ISSN: 2220-6663

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/JBES-Vol8No4-p196-208.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

High heterosis can be obtained from the cross between genetically distant parents. Counting the magnitude of genetic distance, contribution of different characters toward the total divergence, magnitude of cluster means for different characters, the following genotypes can be selected to perform better if used in hybridization programme. Among the inter - cluster distance, the highest distance was observed between the cluster III and cluster V. Cluster I and cluster III showed lowest inter - cluster distance. Some inter - cluster distance showed intermediate distance. Intermediate diversed parents have the more chance to contribute heterosis in the subsequent generation. To select clusters to obtain more heterotic genotypes eleven pairs of clusters can be considered for this purpose. These pair of combinations may be as follows I and IV, I and V, I and VI, II and IV, II and V, II and VI, III and IV, III and V, III and VI, IV and VI and V and VI. Cluster III showed the highest mean for ligule length, panicle length, plant height and harvest index. Panicle length and plant height were important for yield contributing character. In this cluster there were two lowest mean values for unfilled grain per panicle and days to 50% flowering those are more desirable characters. Cluster I had the highest mean value for culm diameter, total tiller, effective tiller and grain breadth. In this cluster culm diameter, total tiller and effective tiller were most important yield contributing characters. In this cluster it also showed lowest mean value for only one but most desirable character viz. plant height. Cluster III had been comprised of rice genotype viz. Basmati 370, Basmati 107 and Basmati 134. Cluster I had been comprised of Basmati India, Kataribhog, Sakkorkhora, Basmati 1 and Basmati T₃. Hybridization between the genotypes of cluster I and cluster III by considering Basmati and non - Basmati type will provide maximum heterosis and will create a wide genetic variability.

Knowledge Management: Journal