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Efficacy of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts as Grain Protectant Against Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus Chinensis L.

M.A. Hossain
Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

M.A. Haque
Department of Entomology, BAU, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of some indigenous leaf and seed extracts against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) on chickpea seeds. The botanicals were extracted by using acetone, ethanol, n-hexane, petroleum ether and water. The efficacy was evaluated by considering oviposition, adult emergence, seed infestation and weight loss caused by the insect. All the tested extracts except methi were found effective significantly to check the oviposition, adult emergence, seed infestation and weight loss as compared to control. However, acetone and ethanol extracts of neem seed provided the best protection of chickpea seed against the pulse beetle. The extracts of neem seed had no adverse effects on seed germination upto three months of storage.

Keywords: Botanical extracts, Oviposition, Adult emergence, Seed infestation, Weight loss, Germination, Callosobruchus chinensis, Chickpea

Location: Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2010

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Chickpea

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the effects of leaf and seed extracts of some indigenous plants against pulse beetle, C. chinensis to protect chickpea seeds in storage.

Methodology:

The experiment on management of pulse beetle, C. chinensis by using plant extracts on chickpea seeds in storage was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Preparation of botanical extracts: Fresh green leaves and seeds of tested plants were collected and kept in the laboratory for 7 days for air drying followed by one day sun drying before making powder. Electric grinder was used to have coarse powder then these were passed through a 60-mesh sieve to get fine powder. Afterwards, 10 grams of each category of powder were separately mixed with 100 ml of different solvents (n-hexane, acetone, methanol, petroleum ether and distilled water), stirred for 30 minutes and left stand for next 24 hours. The mixture was then filtered through a fine cloth and again through Whatman no.1 filter paper. The filtrates were taken into round bottom flasks and condensed by evaporation of solvent in a water bath at 45^o, 50^o, 55^o, 70^o and 80^o C temperature for acetone, n-hexane, methanol, petroleum ether and water extracts, respectively to make it 10 ml from which 10% concentration was prepared for experimental use. Experimental protocol: Fifty gram of healthy chickpea seeds were taken in a plastic container (300 ml) and mixed with 10% of each tested extract (v/w) and then air dried for 30 minutes. Five pairs of newly emerged one day old adult beetles were released in each plastic container and the mouth was closed with its lid. Each treatment was replicated thrice including control. All treated containers were kept at ambient room temperature (27-30^oC) in the laboratory for oviposition. After 7 days, dead and alive beetles were removed from each container and seeds along with eggs were kept in the laboratory for further development of the insect. The efficacy of plant materials as protectant of chickpea seeds against C. chinensis was assessed considering oviposition, adult’s emergence, seed infestation and seed weight loss done. For the determination of oviposition of the beetle, one hundred (100) seeds were collected randomly from each plastic container of each treatment and examined under 10x magnifying glass and the number of seeds along with eggs (egg bearing seeds) and the number of eggs deposited were counted. After each observation, the grains were returned to the respective containers for the further development of the beetle. The adults were removed daily from each plastic container and the data were recorded. Percent seed infestation and weight loss were determined at the completion of adult emergence. The sample of each replicate were examined carefully and damaged and healthy seeds were separated, cleaned, counted and weighed. Percent seed infestation and weight loss were computed. Seed germination test: From the experiment, it was found that only neem seed extract provided maximum grain protectant against C. chinensis. Therefore, only neem seed extracts were assessed for the germination test. To investigate the effect of neem seed extracts on seed viability, chickpea seeds were treated with different solvent extracts of neem seed and left stand for a period of 3 months. Then, 100 seeds were taken randomly and placed in petridish separately having water soaked blotting paper at its bottom. The petridishes were placed in the laboratory under ambient room temperature. After incubation, the germinated seeds were counted and worked out the percent seed germination. Statistical analyses: The collected data were statistically analyzed in accordance with one and Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and analyses of variance were done. The data were transformed before analyses of variance. The treatment means were compared by LSD at P<0.05 level. All statistical analyses were done through a MSTAT program in a computer.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 4 (1): 197-202, 2010; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is revealed from the present findings that although all the tested plant materials significantly reduced the oviposition, adult emergence, seed infestation and weight loss of chickpea seeds done by C. chinensis but maximum effects were exhibited by neem seed extract. Farmers may therefore use neem seed extract in their storage structure for eco-friendly management of pulse beetle.

Knowledge Management: Journal