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Effect of Water Management and Sowing Date on Direct Wet-seeded Aman Rice Cultivation by Drum Seeder

Shahana Parveen
Senior Scientific Officer
Irrigation and Water Management Division. BRRI

M A Sattar
Chief Scientific Officer and Head
Irrigation and Water Management Division. BRRI

M S Alam
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, RS, Rajshahi, Bangladesh Riee Research Institute, Gazipur-170I, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The performance of direct wet seeded Aman rice (WSR) under four sowing dates and three irrigation regimes was evaluated by sowing BRRI dhan39 with drum seeder at the BRRI research farm in the Aman season 2005-06. The four sowing dates were 16 June, I July, 16 July and 31 July. Three irrigation regimes were i) rainfed condition. ii ) two irrigation at the maximum tillering and panicle initiation stages and iii) three irrigation at the maximum tillering, panicle initiation and grain filling stages. Daily rainfall (RF) pattern showed that I July and 31 July sowing required irrigation in land preparation in both the years. Grain yield was significantly influenced by different sowing dates and water management practices in both the years. The highest grain yield (3.77 t/ha) was obtained from crop sown on I July and 31 July in 2005 with three supplemental irrigation. With the same irrigation practices, the highest yield (3.97 t/ha) was obtained from 31 July sowing in 2006. Under rainfed conditions, grain yield was significantly influenced by different sowing dates. In both the years, I July sowing gave the highest yield. It was 3.26 t/ha in 2005 and 3.17 t/ha in 2006. Water use efficiency (WUE) varied from 66 to 89% in 2005 and 93 to 100% in 2006. Water productivity varied from 2.40 to 3.64 kg/ha-mm in 2005 and 3.07 to 4.50 kg/ ha-mm in 2006. For securing good yield with direct wet-seeded drum sown T. Aman crop from mid to 31 July with three supplemental irrigation may be recommended.

Keywords: Drum seeder, Supplemental irrigation, Water management, Water use efficiency, Water productivity.

Location: Bangladesh Riee Research Institute farm, Gazipur.

Start Date: 00-00-2005

End Date: 00-00-2006

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To identify the best water management practice coupled with appropriate sowing time and to compare the interaction of sowing time and water management practice.

Methodology:

A field experiment was conducted at the BRRI farm, Gazipur in the Aman season of 2005 and 2006. The experiment was laid out in split plot design assigning sowing dates in the main plot and water management practices in the sub-plot with three replications. The four sowing dates were; i) 16 June (S₁), ii) I July (S₂), iii) 16 July (S₃) and iv) 31 July (S₄). The irrigation treatments were; i) rainfed condition (I₁), ii) two irrigation at the maximum tillering and panicle initiation stages (I₂) and iii) three irrigation at the maximum tillering, panicle initiation and grain filling stages (l₃). BRRI dhan39 was used as the test crop. The land was flooded, ploughed and levelled to puddle the soil. The unit plot size was 4.5- x 3.0-m. Four days incubated and adequately sprouted seed was sown with a plastic drum seeder with its single thick rows seed dispersion. Fertilizers were applied at the recommended doses of N_9o, P₂₀, K₄₀,S₁₀ and Zn₄ kg/ha (BRRI, 2007). The whole P, K, S and Zn fertilizers were applied as basal at the time of final land preparation. Nitrogen was applied 25-40-55-70 days after sowing (DAS) consecutively. Herbicide Ronstar 25EC @ 2 lit/ha was sprayed at 6 DAS. Hand weeding was done at the time of 2^nd and 3^rd top dressing of urea. Pesticide eidial 5G was applied for insect control.

Before sowing, the field was well drained to keep it saturated to facilitate easy sowing and ensure uniform establishment of seedlings. After sowing the field was kept moist, taking care not to flood it or having no cracks form for the first 5 days by providing light irrigation and drainage. Because of slow establishment of seedlings, only light irrigation to a depth of 2 cm was given equally to all up to 20 DAS. This was taken Into account when total water use was computed. Irrigation was applied as per water treatment and was measured by using a vertical gauge installed in the middle of each experimental plot. Rainfall data were recorded from True-check rain gauge installed in near distance from the experimental plot. Rainfall data were used to estimate effective rainfall by using the water use-rainfall ratio method. In this method, total rainfall for a certain group of days during the growing season is computed. The number of days in a group is based broadly on the soil type. For the study area, a 5-day grouping was used as the soil type was silty clay. Yield and yield component data were collected and analyzed by standard analysis of variance and treatment means were compared using LSD test at the 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 14 (I & 2):119-125,2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Under rainfed conditions for getting better yield sowing would be done by drum seeder after mid June up to 1st July in direct wet-seeded rice cultivation in the Aman season. Mid July sowing may be avoided to escape heavy shower. But under irrigated conditions, sowing would be done by drum seeder after mid July to 31 July and irrigation should be applied at the maximum tillering, panicle initiation and grain filling stages for securing maximum grain yield with maximum water use efficiency and water productivity in wet-seeded Aman rice cultivation.

Knowledge Management: Journal