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Biomass Accumulation and Energy Conversion Efficiency in Aromatic Rice Genotypes

S.M. Shahidullah
Senior Scientific Officer
Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

M.M. Hanafi
Professor
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

M. Ashrafuzzaman
Professor
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M. Razi Ismail
Professor
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

M. A. Salam
Researcher
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701

Abul Khair
Professor
Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate photosynthetic efficiency along with different growth parameters of aromatic rice genotypes. Forty genotypes including three non-aromatic checks exhibited enormous variations for leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), grain yield, total dry matter, harvest index and photosynthetic efficiency or energy use efficiency (Em) at panicle initiation and heading stages. Minimum LAI-value was 0.52 in Khazar at PI stage and maximum was 4.91 in Sakkor khora at heading stage. The CGR-value was in the range of 4.80-24.11 g m² per day. The best yielder BRRI dhan39 produced grain of 4.21 t ha^-1 and the worst yielder Khazar gave 1.42 t ha^-1. Total dry matter (TDM) yield varied from 4.04 to 12.26 t ha^-1 where genotypes proved their energy use efficiency a range between 0.58 to 1.65%. Em showed a significant positive relation with TDM (r = 0.80**), CGR (r = 0.72**) and grain yield (r = 0.66**). A negative correlation was established between TDM and harvest index and LAI and RGR. Path analysis result showed that NAR at heading stage exerted highest positive direct effect (0.70) on Em.

Keywords: Aromatic rice, Photosynthetic efficiency, Net assimilation rate, Total dry matter, Path analysis

Location: BRRI, Gazipur

Start Date: 01-07-2005

End Date: 30-06-2006

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To study the growth parameters, dry matter production and energy use efficiency of aromatic rice genotypes of native and exotic sources.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the farm of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur in T. Aman season (July to December), 2005. A total of 40 rice germplasm composed of 32 local aromatic, five exotic and three nonaromatic rice cultivars as standard checks were selected for this research. Among the three non-aromatic varieties, BRRI dhan28 is a modern Boro, BRRI dhan39 is a modern T. Aman variety and Nizersail is a local improved variety and are popularly grown in farmers’ fields. The exotic genotypes were collected from Pakistan (Basmati PNR346), Nepal (Sarwati and Sugandha-1) and Iran (Khazar and Neimat). The rest of the genotypes represented their distribution throughout Bangladesh. Forty rice genotypes formed the treatment variables and were assigned randomly to each unit plot of 5m_ 2m dimension. Thirty day-old seedlings were transplanted on 15 August 2005 following Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Transplanting was done at the spacing of 20 cm X 20 cm. A fertilizer rate of 25–35– 10–3 kg ha^-1 of P–K–S–Zn in the form of triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate, respectively, was applied as basal dose at final land preparation. Because of wide genotypic variation in phenological development and yield potential, varieties differed enormously in attaining panicle initiation (PI) stage and in the requirement of nutrient elements. For this reason, nitrogen was top-dressed as urea in two to three splits to the contrary of common practice with fixed dose and time routine. The amount of urea and time of application were determined with the help of a leaf colour chart. Data collection was started at 20 days after transplanting (DAT), i.e., 50 days after sowing (DAS) and continued with a 10-day interval up to harvesting (4th September to 18th December, 2005). Random samples of four plants from each plot were uprooted. In each sample plant, the mid-tiller was separated. All green leaf blades of four mid-tillers were taken for the measurement of leaf area through the length-width method. Also the leaves were dried and weighed. The leaves from the rest of the tillers of the sample plants were dried and weighed. The whole plant samples were oven dried at 70 ⁰C for 72 hours to determine the CGR (crop growth rate) after Radford. Shoot dry weight was used from 20 DAT up to crop maturity with an interval of 10 days. Plants were harvested atmm crop maturity. All the plants of a 5-m²sample area were cut at base. After threshing and cleaning, the fresh weight of grains was recorded and adjusted to 14% moisture content. The fresh weight of straw from 5-m² harvested area was recorded. Three sub-samples were composed and well mixed. Then a representative sub-sample of 500 g fresh straw, separated from the mixture, was oven-dried at 80 ⁰C for 3 days. Then the straw yield was calculated. In the computation of energy use, efficiency or photosynthetic efficiency (Em) biomass sample collection was made from 50 DAS (20 DAT) to crop maturity. Data on solar energy incidence, available in the meteorological laboratory of Plant Physiology Division in BRRI, Gazipur, were used. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were estimated according to Burton. Correlation coefficient and path analysis was performed according to Singh. Data were subjected to several statistical analysis to interpret the result. The ANOVA and some descriptive statistics were performed through IRRISTAT Windows 4.01 and MS Excel.

Source of Information: Comptes Rendus Biologies, 333 (2010):61–67

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Forty genotypes including three non-aromatic checks exhibited enormous variations for leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), grain yield, total dry matter, harvest index and photosynthetic efficiency or energy use efficiency (Em) at panicle initiation and heading stages. Em showed a significant positive relation with TDM, CGR and grain yield. A negative correlation was established between TDM and harvest index and LAI and RGR. Path analysis result showed that NAR at heading stage exerted highest positive direct effect on Em.

Knowledge Management: Journal