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Effectiveness of Indigenous Plant Powders as Grain Protectant Against Callosobruchus Chinensis (l.) in Stored Chickpea (cicer Arietinum)

M. A. HOSSAIN
Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HMDSTU), Dinajpur.

K. S. AHMED
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

M. A. A. BACHCHU
Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HMDSTU), Dinajpur.

M. A. HAQUE
Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HMDSTU), Dinajpur.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effectiveness of 17 indigenous plant powders as grain protectant were assessed against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). The results indicated that among all the tested plant materials, tobacco leaf powder (TLP) had promising effects on inhibiting oviposition and reducing adult emergence, seed infestation, and weight loss by C. chinensis. Tobacco leaf powder offered complete protection of chickpea seeds applied at 20.0 g/kg seeds. Its lower doses exhibited efficacy in dose dependent manner. The lowest number of eggs (24.60), egg bearing seeds (23.40), adult emergence (23.20), seed infestation (8.28%), and weight loss (0.50%) were obtained from the TLP treated at 10.0 g/kg seeds, while the highest of these parameters were in untreated control. In the ovicidal test, TLP showed 100% inhibition at 20.0 g/kg seeds over control. The lowest number of adults (37.20) were emerged when larvae bearing seeds were treated with TLP at 20.0 g/kg seeds along with 59.39% retardation over the control and had no adverse effect on seed germination up to 3 months.

Keywords: Plant powders; Chickpea seeds; Protectant; Callosobruchus chinensis

Location: Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Chickpea

Objectives:

To investigate the insecticidal effectiveness of some indigenous botanicals powders as grain protectant against C. chinensis on chickpea seeds.

Methodology:

Collection and preparation of plant materials: The study was conducted in the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Fresh leaves (17 indigenous plants) and seeds (4 plants) were collected from BAU campus and kept in the laboratory for 7 days for air drying followed by one day sun drying before making powder. After drying, the leaves and seeds were made powder separately by an electric grinder in the laboratory and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to get fine powder. Later, each powder was kept separately in air tight plastic pot and stored at room temperature for experimental use. Collection of chickpea seeds: Healthy chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds was purchased from the local market of Mymensingh town. The seeds were thoroughly cleaned, sun dried, cooled, and stored with 10 ± 2% moisture content. The seeds were kept in air tight plastic container (25 cm height x 15 cm dia.) at preserved at room temperature for study. Stock culture of pulse beetle: Pulse beetle was reared in the laboratory at ambient room temperature (30 ± 3^oC) in glass jars (47 cm height × 4 cm dia.). Approximately, 200 adults of the collected pulse beetles were released in each jar containing 500 g of chickpea seeds and the mouth was closed with a piece of nylon cloth. The beetles were allowed for free mating and oviposition for 7 days. Then the beetles were separated from the seeds by sieving and seeds along with eggs were kept in the container (8 cm h. x 5 cm dia.) for emergence of next generation. After emergence, the newly emerged adults were collected and again allowed for further mating and oviposition with new seeds in different containers to maintain a series of stock culture of the test insect. Screening procedure of plant powders: Screening of botanicals as grain protectants against C. chinensis was carried out following the primary and secondary screening. Protocol of primary screening: Fifty grams of healthy chickpea seeds were weighed by an electric balance, taken in plastic container (300 ml) and mixed it properly with tested leaf and seed powders separately at 20.0 g/kg (w/w) seeds. Five pairs of newly emerged one day old adult beetles of C. chinensis obtained Protocol of secondary screening: From the primary screening, only tobacco leaf powder (TLP) was found very effective to protect chickpea seeds against C. chinensis at 20.0 g/kg. On the other hand, TLP inhibited completely the progeny adult emergence. Therefore, TLP was further tested at lower doses of 10.0, 5.0, 2.5, and 1.25 g/kg seeds. Each dose was replicated five times along with an untreated control. The screening protocol and observations were same as followed in the primary screening. Test on ovicidal and larvicidal effectiveness: To investigate whether tobacco leaf powder possesses ovicidal and larvicidal properties, another study was conducted. For this, 100 chickpea seeds along with one day old eggs (Ovicidal study) and 1-2 days old larvae (Larvicidal study) containing one egg or larva per seed were placed in each container and mixed properly with tobacco leaf powder @ 20.0, 10.0, 5.0, 2.5, and 1.25 g/kg seeds along with an untreated control. After proper mixing, the mouth of the containers were closed with cap and left it undisturbed in the laboratory until adult emergence. Seed germination test: To study the effect of TLP on seed viability and germination of chickpea seeds treated at different dose levels was carried out for a period of 3 months along with untreated control following the procedure with a slight modification as described by Enbakhare & Law-Ogbomo (2002). For this, 100 seeds were placed in each Petridish (120 × 20 mm) containing water soaked blotting paper (Whatman no. 1, UK) at the bottom. The Petridishes were placed in the laboratory under ambient room temperature (30 ± 3^oC). Germinated seeds were counted, recorded and worked out the percent germination after incubation. Statistical analyses: The collected data were analyzed followed by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Data were transformed before analysis. The treatment mean values were compared by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 93-103, March 2014

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

With the finding of the present study, it may be opined that for ecofriendly management of C. chinensis, the TLP may be considered at farmer’s level as it is cheaper, easily available, processable, and usable.

Knowledge Management: Journal