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Flowering Response and Crop Duration of Aromatic Rices in Diverse Environments

S.M. Shahidullah
Senior Scientific Officer
Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

M.M. Hanafi
Professor
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

M. Ashrafuzzaman
Professor
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Salam
Researcher
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701

Abul Khair
Professor
Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Crop duration of a rice plant, essentially dictated by flowering response, is an important selection criterion. It is determined by the interaction of genotype and environment. A field experiment was conducted with 40 rice genotypes to assess the fluctuation and/or stability of crop duration in a series of 16 environmental conditions. The effects of genotype, environment and all the components of G×E interaction were highly significant. Among the genotypes Benaful and Gandho kasturi were most sensitive to environmental changes, and indicating lower adaptability over the environments. Crop durations of 17 genotypes were comparatively stable against environmental changes. Four genotypes viz. Basmati PNR346, BRRI dhan28, Neimat and Sarwati showed only nonlinear sensitivity and thus unpredictable fluctuation. Seventeen genotypes indicated average stability over the environments. The AMMI analysis identified Badshabhog, Basmati Tapl-90, Bhog ganjia, BRRI dhan38, Elai, Jata katari and Radhuni pagal as most stable genotypes over the environment series. It also advocated three comparatively stable environments for all the genotypes.

Keywords: Aromatic rice, Flowering response, Crop duration, AMMI analysis, G×E interaction

Location: Benarpota Farm, BRRI Regional Station, Satkhira, Charchandia Farm, BRRI Regional Station, Sonagazi, Feni, Domar Seed Production Farm, BADC, Domar, Nilphamari and Headquarter Farm, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date: 01-07-2004

End Date: 30-06-2005

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To observe the G×E interaction for crop duration
To determine the suitability of aromatic rice genotypes over the locations and growing seasons.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in 2004–2005. A total of 40 rice germplasm composed of 32 local aromatic, five exotic and three non-aromatic rice varieties as standard checks, were selected for this research. Among the three non-aromatic varieties, BRRI dhan28 was a modern Boro, BRRI dhan39 was a modern T. Aman variety and the third one, Nizersail was used as a standard photoperiod sensitive genotype. Exotic genotypes were collected from Pakistan (Basmati PNR346), Nepal (Sarwati and Sugandha-1) and Iran (Khazar and Neimat). The rest of the rice genotypes represented their distribution throughout Bangladesh. Forty rice genotypes formed the treatment variables and were assigned randomly to each unit plot of 5 m × 2 m dimension. Thirty-day-old seedlings were transplanted in three sets of Aman season and 45 day-old seedlings in Boro season with a spacing of 20 cm×20 cm. A fertilizer rate of 25–35–10–3 kg ha⁻¹ of P–K–S–Zn in the form of triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulfate, respectively, was applied as basal dose at final land preparation. Because of wide genotypic variation in phenological development and yield potential, varieties differed enormously in attaining panicle initiation (PI) stage and in the requirement of nutrient elements. For this reason, nitrogen was top-dressed as urea in 2–3 splits to the contrary of a common practice with fixed dose and time routine. The amount of urea and time of application were determined with the help of a leaf colour chart. Crop duration was counted as the time interval from the day of seed bed sowing to the day of 50% flowering. The four locations were: B = Benarpota Farm, BRRI Regional Station, Satkhira, C = Charchandia Farm, BRRI Regional Station, Sonagazi, Feni, D = Domar Seed Production Farm, BADC, Nilphamari and H = Headquarter Farm, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur. Seed sowing was done in four dates. Three dates were in T. Aman (with an interval of 20 days) and one date was in Boro season. 1 = 1st planting in T. Aman (sowing in seedbed on 16^th July 2004), 2 = 2nd planting in T. Aman (sowing in seedbed on 5^th August 2004), 3 = 3rd planting in T. Aman (sowing in seedbed on 25^th August 2004) and 4 = Planting in Boro season (sowing in seedbed on 5^th November 2004). Stability analysis was done according to the regression model of Eberhart and Russel. The stability parameters viz. phenotypic index (Pi), regression coefficient (bi) and deviation from regression (S2 di) were calculated to interpret the results. Additive Main Effect Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model was used to quantify the effect of different factors (genotype, location, and planting time) of the experiment. The AMMI statistical model is most appropriately termed as a hybrid model. It makes use of standard ANOVA procedures to separate the additive variance from multiplicative variance (genotype by environment interaction). Then it uses a multiplicative procedure – Principal Components Analysis (PCA) – to extract the pattern from the G×E portion of the ANOVA.

Source of Information: Comptes Rendus Biologies, 332, 909–916, 2009.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Basmati PNR346, BRRI dhan28, Neimat and Sarwati showed only nonlinear sensitivity and thus unpredictable fluctuation. Seventeen genotypes indicated average stability over the environments. Badshabhog, Basmati Tapl-90, Bhog ganjia, BRRI dhan38, Elai, Jata katari and Radhuni pagal were identified as most stable genotypes over the environment series. It also advocated three comparatively stable environments for all the genotypes.

Knowledge Management: Journal