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Spatial Planning of Educational Institutions

Mohammad Atikul Islam
Sheltech (Pvt.) Ltd, Dhaka

Md. Shohel Reza Amin
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka – 1342

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Dhaka City has grown beyond all expectations in terms of population, activities and spatial coverage due to rapid and spontaneous urbanization and resulting in extensive demand of public facilities such as opens spaces, schools, utility services and facilities. For well functioning of a city, it is very important to ensure the optimum location of different public facilities. However, public facility planning usually practices as planning standards, which may not be sufficient enough to find the best sites for facilities. This paper articulates this pitfall of public facility planning and determines the availability and optimum locations of schools and finally stipulates the solution space of the optimally allocated schools within ward no. 50 of Dhaka City Corporation. This paper reveals that the optimally located schools will cover 78 percent of the study area which is higher than the coverage of the existing ones (59 percent) incase of buffer zone of 450 meters. Thus this study will assist policy makers for spatial planning of educational institutions as well as other public facilities not only in new areas but also in the already developed but unplanned areas.

Keywords: Spatial planning, Educational institutions, Dhaka city

Location: Dhaka City

Start Date: 00-00-2008

End Date: 00-00-2008

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Non-commodity: GIS

Objectives:

1. The objectives of this paper are to identify the existing location and sufficiency of schools in the study area in ward no. 50 of Dhaka City Corporation jurisdiction; to explore the optimal location of schools by applying Geographic Information System (GIS) and Location-allocation model; and finally to stipulate the solution space (spatial coverage) of the optimal allocated schools.

Methodology:

Different standard of the threshold population for schools (both primary and secondary) and the standard travel distance between school and residences such as Time Saver standard for site planning, space standards for urban community facilities according to Private Residential land Development rules 2004, standard of educational facilities in planning a neighborhood, provision of educational facilities in Master Plan and recommended standard for primary and high school in Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan were identified and evaluated to determine the optimal allocation of schools. Later on location of demand and service (schools) points were identified in the map of ward no. 50 of Dhaka City Corporation. The centroid of each street was used as the demand point and the number of school going children of each family was considered as weight (Wi). On the other hand, the facilities and characteristics of existing schools were identified as weight (Aij) of supply point. The locations of existing and required schools were justified by applying location allocation model and GIS. In discrete space several features can characterize the model. First, there are n known destinations located in cartesian space (as in a two dimensional graph) at the co-ordinates (xj, yj) (for j = 1,….n) and each location has a weight βi related to the amount of service delivers. Second, there are m facilities to be located, and the distance factor between demand and supply points is a matrix αij. Finally, the subject specifies assignments of facilities to sites. The problem is to find values for both (xj, yj) and αij.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL; ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 2, Issue: 1, Page: 371-387, January - February, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Bangladesh is a country of scare resources. Here available facilities for standard living are inadequate. The conditions of public facilities are also same for the country. This scenario is more miserable in case of educational institutions of Dhaka City. The schools are mostly allocated according to the availability of sites, and other business factors where locational factors are frequently neglected in case of site selection. This shortcoming is negotiated by the integration of GIS and location-allocation model as demonstrate in this study. The integration of GIS methods and location-allocation model ensures the demand wise distribution of educational institution along with public facilities, not only on the basis of availability of land. Thus this study will help policy makers to locate the public facilities not only in new areas but also in the already developed but unplanned areas.

Knowledge Management: Journal