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Effects of Timing of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application and Date of Harvesting on Yield of Wheat

M. Samsujjaman
Former M.S. student department of Agronomy, BAU, Mymensing

M. Ahmed
Department of Agronomy, BAU, Mymensing

M.H.A. Amin
Department of Agroforestry, HSTU, Dinajpur

M.O.Faruk
Former M.S. student department of Agronomy, HSTU, Dinajpur,

M.O.K. Azad
Agricultural Graduate of HSTU, Dinajpur.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To find out the optimum timing of N fertilizer application and date of harvesting for wheat to obtain maximum yield an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field and Departmental Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from November 2006 to May 2007. Wheat variety Shatabdi was used as an experimental material with (i) four timing of N fertilizer application such as (a) control, (b) ½ at basal + ½ at 21 DAS, (c) ½ at 21 DAS + ½ at tillering stage and (d) ½ at 21 DAS + ¼ at tillering + ¼ at panicle initiation stage and also (ii) five dates of harvesting such as 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks after anthesis (WAA). Yield contributing characters, seed yield parameters were significantly influenced by different timing of N fertilizer application. Application of N in three splits of ½ at 21 DAS + ¼ at tillering stage + ¼ at panicle initiation stage produced the highest yield (3.49 t ha^-1) wheat seed. On the other hand, no N fertilizer was application, produced the least seed yield (1.51 t ha^-1). The highest seed yield was obtained when the crop was harvested at 6 WAA. Application of nitrogen fertilizer in three splits as ½ at 21 DAS + ¼ at tillering stage + ¼ at panicle initiation stage and harvesting at 6 WAA appeared as the promising management practices to maximize the yield of wheat seed.

Keywords: Nitrogen fertilizer, Harvesting date, Yield and wheat

Location: Agronomy Field and Departmental Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2006

End Date: 00-05-2007

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

1. To find out the effect of timing of nitrogen application in different splits and date of harvesting on the growth, yield contributing characters and yield of wheat and also to determine the interaction effect of timing of nitrogen application and date of harvesting on yield.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from November 2006 to May 2007 to study the effect of timing of N fertilizer application and date of harvesting on yield of wheat. Geographically the experimental field was located at 24⁰75′ N latitude and 90⁰50′ E longitude at the elevation of 18 m above the sea level. The experimental site belongs to the AEZ-9, Old Brahmaputra Floodplain having Non-calcareous Dark-Gray Flood Plain soil. The experimental plot was a medium high land with silty loam textured soil. The pH value of the soil was 6.5. The experiment consisted of 4 (four) timings of nitrogen fertilizer application and 5 (five) dates of harvesting. The treatments were as follows: A. Time of nitrogen fertilizer (Urea) application: 4 (N₀ = Control (no nitrogen applied, N₁ = ½ at basal + ½ at 21 DAS, N₂ = ½ at 21 DAS + ½ at tillering stage and N₃ = ½ at 21 DAS + ¼ at tillering + ¼ at panicle initiation stage while, B. Date of harvesting (Weeks after anthesis): 5 (H₁ = 3, H₂ = 4, H₃ = 5, H₄ = 6 and H₅ = 7). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications in which the timing of nitrogen fertilizer application were assigned in the main plots and the date of harvesting in the sub-plots at random. The entire experimental area was divided into 3 blocks and each block was divided into 4 main plots and each main plot was divided into 5 sub-plots. The total number of unit plots of the experiment was 60 (4 × 5 × 3). The size of each unit plot was 4.0 m × 2.5 m. The blocks, main plots and sub-plots were separated by spacing of 1.0 m, 0.50 m and 0.25 m, respectively. The irrigation channels of about 50 cm width were made in the space between the blocks to irrigate the crop. The variety Shatabdi was used as experimental crop. The land of the experimental plot was opened on 18 November 2006 with a power tiller and it was made ready for sowing on 6 December 2006 by ploughing with a country plough followed by laddering. All weeds and stubble were removed from the land. The layout was done as per experimental design. All basal doses of fertilizers as per schedule of the experimental were incorporated into the soil and finally the plots were made ready for sowing. The fertilizers used as a general dose in the experimental plots were urea @ 200 kg ha^-1, triple super phosphate @ 160 kg ha^-1, muriate of potash @ 50 kg ha^-1 and gypsum @ 100 kg ha^-1. Nitrogen was applied as urea in different splits as per specification of the experiment. Wheat seeds of Shatabdi variety, collected from local BADC office at Mymensingh were sown continuously by hand in 25 cm apart furrows made by hand rake on 10 December 2006 at the rate of 120 kg ha^-1.The experimental plots were weeded twice by Khurpi at 21 and 55 days after sowing (DAS) before irrigation. Two irrigations were applied at 21 and 55 DAS at crown root initiation stage and at booting stages, respectively, as per recommendation of BARI (1990). Care was taken to avoid water flow from one plot to another or overflow the boundary of the plots. About 75% plants flowered at 75 DAS. According to the treatments the plants were harvested on 18, 25 March 2007 and 1, 8, 15 April 2007 i.e. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks after anthesis (WAA), respectively. The harvested crop of each plot was bundled separately, tagged properly and brought to the clean threshing floor. The bundles were dried in open sunshine for three days, and then threshing, cleaning, winnowing and drying of seeds were done carefully. Straw was also dried in the sunshine properly. The seed yield and straw yield were recorded at 12% moisture content. The weights of seeds and straw per plot were converted to hectare basis. Before harvesting 5 sample plants were randomly selected and uprooted carefully from each experimental plot. The samples were properly tagged and the data of the following parameters were collected, number of plants m^-2, plant height (cm), number of total tillers plant^-1, number of effective tillers plant^-1, number of ineffective tillers plant^-1, spike length (cm), number of total spikelets spike^-1, number of effective spikelets spike^-1, number of ineffective spikelets spike^-1, number of seeds spike^-1, weight of 1000-seeds (g), seed yield (t ha^-1), straw yield (t ha^-1) and harvest index (%). Data collected from different parameters were compiled and tabulated in proper form. The statistical analysis “ANOVA” was done following split-plot design with the help of computer package MSTATC programme. The means were adjudged by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL; ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 2, Issue: 2, Page: 454-469, March - April, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The time of nitrogen fertilizer application under study exerted significant influence on all the yield parameters. The highest number of plants m-2 (264.20), tallest plant (99.86 cm), highest number of total tillers plant^-1 (5.28), highest number of effective tillers plant^-1 (4.52), lowest number of ineffective tillers plant^-1 (0.76), longest spike (9.80 cm), highest number of total spikelets spike^-1 (20.22), highest number of effective spikelets spike^-1 (16.49), lowest number of ineffective spikelets spike-1 (3.74), highest number of seeds spike-1 (38.98), highest weight of 1000-seed (42.52 g), highest seed yield (3.49 t ha-1), highest straw yield (6.12 t ha^-1) with the highest harvest index (36.38%) were observed with the application of N fertilizer as ½ at 21 DAS + ¼ at tillering + ¼ at panicle initiation stage. Whereas the lowest values of these parameters were produced for N fertilizer application as ½ at 21 DAS + ½ at tillering stage, N₁ i.e. N fertilizer applied as ½ at basal + ½ at 21 DAS and finally N₀ i.e. no N fertilizer applied treatments. The interaction effect of timing of N fertilizer application and date of harvesting had significant effect on seeds spike^-1, 1000-seed weight, seed yield and straw yield. The highest number of seeds spike^-1 (36.39), highest 1000-seed weight (44.50 g), highest seed yield (3.75 t ha^-1) and highest straw yield (6.35 t ha^-1) were obtained from the interaction of N₃ i.e. N fertilizer applied as ½ at 21 DAS + ¼ at tillering + ¼ at panicle initiation stage with H₄ i.e. harvesting at 6 weeks after anthesis.

Knowledge Management: Journal