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Effects of Long Term Application of Manures and Fertilizers on Soil Properties, Yield and Nutrient Uptake by T-aman Rice

Md. Mehedi Hasan
Department of Soil Science, BAU, Mymensing

Mostofa Amran Hossain
Additional Agril. Officer, DAE, Dhaka

M.J.Abedin Mian
Department of Soil Science, BAU, Mymensing

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was carried out in a permanent manurial experimental field during the Aman season of 2006 in silt loam soil of sonatala series at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) firm, Mymensingh in order to see the effect of 29 years of fertilization and Manuring on soil chemical properties and yields of 65th crops (T-Aman: BR11) and nutrient uptake by rice. The result indicated that the continuous application of N, P, K, S and Zn fertilizers in different combinations for 29 years remarkably increased the grain and straw yields of T-Aman /06. The soil PH was decreased from the initial status. An increase in organic matter was obtained over the initial value due to increase in biomass production from intensive fertilization. Application of FYM with N tended to improve the organic matter of soil over the treatments. The increase of N was almost 2.1 to 2.5 times higher than initial content. In general, the P content of soil decreased over the initial status. The concentration of P treated soil was also equal or below the initial content. A very strong decrease in exchangeable K+ amounting to almost 50% of initial level was found after 29 years. The status of S increased in soil when it was added but slightly decreased when it was not added. The N and P content in grain and straw were increased with the combined application of N, P, K, S and Zn. The content of S in grain and straw increased in case of S treated plot. The total uptake of N, P, K and S increased with the application of N, P, K, S and Zn in different combinations.

Keywords: Fertilization, Manuring, Permanent plot, Yield, NPKSZn

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) firm, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-07-2006

End Date: 00-11-2006

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

1. To observe the effect of 29 years of fertilization and manuring on soil chemical properties, 2. To evaluate the effect of different treatments on the yield of T-Aman (BR11) rice, and 3. Nutrient uptake by T-Aman (BR11) rice.

Methodology:

Experimental Site and Soil - The experiment was conducted in the permanent manurial experimental field of the department of soil science at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) farm, Mymensingh. Topographically the area was slightly undulating but the experimental plot was fairly leveled. It was above normal flood level but sometimes the plots remained flooded for short time by rain water during monsoon season. The soil of the plots was typical rice growing silt loam developing from the alluvial deposits of the river Old Brahmaputra. Climatic Condition of the Experimental Area - The experimental area is situated under subtropical climate, characterized by high temperature accompanied by moderately high rainfall (2000-2200 mm) in Kharif (March-October) season and low rainfall and low temperature in the Rabi (November -February) season. Fertilizer and Cropping History of the Experimental Plots - The permanent manurial experiment where the present study has been carried out was started in 1978. At the initiation of this permanent experiment rice pulse- rice cropping pattern was practice up to 1986. During this period a number of 8 pulse and 17 rice crops were grown. Afterwards, pulse was discarded from the pattern. At present, irrigated T-Aus and rainfed T-Aman rice were grown in a year. Thus, a total of 65 crops have been harvested from the experiment up to TAman /06. Treatments - There were ten treatment combinations for this cropping pattern viz. control, N, NP, NK, NPK, NS, NZn, NSZn, NPKSZn and NFYM. The doses of different nutrients and FYM were N 88 kg ha^-1, P 20 kgha^-1, K 19 kg ha^-1, S 30 kg ha^-1, Zn 5 kg ha^-1, FYM 5 t ha^-1. The treatments were randomly distributed to each plot of the experimental field. Harvesting The Aman crop was harvested on 30.11.2006. The grain was separated from straw by threshing immediately after harvesting and fresh weight of grain and straw of each plot (6.6m x11.6m=76.56 m²) was recorded. Representative samples of grain and straw of each plot were collected at the time of harvest. They were dried in an oven at 65°C for 24 hrs for the determination of moisture content. The obtained moisture was subtracted from the fresh weight of grain and straw. Finally, 14% moisture was added to the oven dry yields of each treatment and expressed in t ha^-1. Plant Analysis - The plant samples were dried in an oven at 60°C for 48 hours and then ground by a grinding machine to pass through a 20-mesh sieve. The ground plant materials (grain and straw) were stored in paper bags in a desiccator. Phosphorus, potassium and sulphur were determined from this digest of plant samples with nitric-perchloric acid. The total nitrogen was determined from the digest of plant sample with sulphuric acid. The elements (N, P, K and S) in the digest were determined by the same method as described in the soil analysis.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL; ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 3, Issue: 1, Page: 774-786, September-October, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

A very strong decrease in exchangeable K+ amounting to almost 50% of initial level was found after 29 years. The status of S increased in soil when it was added but slightly decreased when it was not added. The N and P content in grain and straw were increased with the combined application of N, P, K, S and Zn. The content of S in grain and straw increased in case of S treated plot. The total uptake of N, P, K and S increased with the application of N, P, K, S and Zn in different combinations.

Knowledge Management: Journal