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Coping Strategies Practised by the Farmers in Post-flood Period in Bangladesh

A.K.M. Farhad
Guti Urea Program, DAE, Khamarbari Dhaka

Md. Zinnatul Alam
Department of ENT, BSMRAU, Gazipur-1706

Md. Amir Hossain
Department of AER, BSMRAU, Gazipur-1706

Md. Mozhar Ali
GTI, Mymensingh

Enamul Haque
Department of AER, BSMRAU, Gazipur-1706

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The purpose of the research was to determine the coping strategies practised by the farmers against flood in Bangladesh and to explore the relationships between some selected characteristics of the farmers and their practices of coping strategies. The study was conducted in Kotiadi, Koliarchar, Tangail sadar, Shariakandi and Dhunate upazila under Kishorgonj, Tangail and Bogra district. Nine PRA techniques were conducted to identify and collect coping strategies. 150 farmers were selected as sample through simple random sampling. Age, education, family size, farm size, land type, occupation, annual income, training received, organizational participation, cosmopoliteness, contact with information media, housing status, credit facilities, transportation and innovativeness constituted salient features of the farmers. One hundred and thirty five coping strategies under nine parameters like housing, crop production, foods, health & diseases, toilet & sanitation, livestock & poultry, fisheries, household assets & furniture and transportation were used for analysis. Most of the farmers had medium to high practiced coping strategies in post-flood period. Farmers with large farm size, more cosmopolite and received better credit facilities mostly practiced coping strategies in all flood scenarios.

Keywords: Coping Strategies, Disaster and flood

Location: Kotiadi, Koliarchar, Tangail sadar, Shariakandi and Dhunate upazila under Kishorgonj, Tangail and Bogra district

Start Date: 15-05-2007

End Date: 31-07-2007

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Adoption of technology

Objectives:

1. To identify, select and analysed the flood cropping strategic strategies practiced by the flood affected farmers in Bangladesh, 2. To determine the extent of practice of flood coping strategies by the farmers, 3. To determine the selected characteristics of the flood affected farmers. These are: age, education, family size, farm size, land type, occupation, annual income, training received, organizational participation, cosmopoliteness, contact with extension media, housing status, credit facilities, transportation and innovativeness; 4. To explore the association of the selected characteristics of the flood affected farmers with their extent of practice of coping strategies.

Methodology:

A semi-structured interview schedule having both close and open type question was used to collect appropriate need based information. The study was conducted in Kotiadi, Koliarchar Upazilas under Kishorgonj district, Dhunot and Shariakandi Upazilas under Bogra district and Tangail Sadar under Tangail district. Most of the time these districts were severely affected by catastrophe of floods. Considering the severity of damage, agro-climatic condition, cropping pattern, socio-economic aspect of farming community, and patterns of coping strategies practised by farmers during flood, these three districts. Population of the study area were severely affected by floods and also used coping strategies in flood. A list of flood-affected farmers of each upazila was collected from upazila agriculture office. Total number of flood-affected farmers was 1500, which were taken from Koliarchar, Kotiadi, Dhunot, Shariakandi and Tangail Sadar Upazilas under Kishoregonj, Bogra and Tangail districts respectively. Out of 1500 farmers 10 percent were selected by simple random sampling method. The researcher also made reserve lists (30), which were used when any number of the original samples unavailable at the time of data collection. Thus the sample size of the study was 180. Farmers Information Need Assessment (FINA) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were conducted as a PRA tool. Five FINA and three FGD were conducted in five upazilas under three districts of the study area about “Coping strategies practised by the farmers in flood” which was related to the objectives of the study. Each PRA consisted of 25 participants. Researcher himself acted as a facilitator and coordinated by Upazila Agriculture Officer (UAO) and Sub-Assistant Agriculture Officer (SAAO) of DAE assisted each session. Initially 230 coping strategies were identified and collected from five upazilas under three districts. Data were collected during 15th May to 31st July 2007. Coping strategies practiced by the farmers against flood were measured on the basis of their intensity of practices. Different coping strategies were selected by seeking judges opinion. Initially 230 coping strategies were identified by applying PRA technique. However, on the basis of pretest results finally 135 coping strategies were selected by rank order. The score of the respondents was computed on the basis of one’s practice of coping strategies. For each coping strategy of the scale the respondents indicated whether they practiced the coping strategies ‘regularly’ ‘frequently’, ‘occasionally’, ‘rarely’ and ‘never’. Score assigned to the above five responses were 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0 respectively. Thus, the range of score of coping strategies score the respondent could vary from 0 - 20 in each parameter at different period of flood, where 0 indicates no practice and 20 indicates regular practices of different coping strategies against flood. Extent of all the practices of coping strategies under different parameters was determined by the same way in different period of flood. In order to measure the extent of practices of the coping strategies against flood, two indexes were used. To explore the relationships between the selected characteristics of the respondents with their coping strategies, a chi-square test was computed to find out the association. To reject or accept the null hypothesis (5%) and (1%) level of probability with 4 degree of freedom (df) was used throughout the study as the basis for statistical significance.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL; ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 3, Issue: 2, Page: 922-933, November-December, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Most of the farmers had medium to high practiced coping strategies in post-flood period. Farmers with large farm size, more cosmopolite and received better credit facilities mostly practiced coping strategies in all flood scenarios.

Knowledge Management: Journal