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Effect of Rate and Application Time of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Wheat

M.M. Akhter
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Dinajpur-5200

M.B. Banu
Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Jessore

M.A.I. Sarker
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Dinajpur-5200

Akbar Hossain
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Dinajpur-5200

M.A.Z. Sarker
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Dinajpur-5200

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2007-08 and 2008-09 in research field of Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur with 3 rates of nitrogen and in 4 different time of installments for verifying the existing N rate and time of N application to find out the optimum dose of N-fertilizer, and appropriate application time and installments for higher yield of wheat. At the initial stage (19 days after sowing (DAS)) dry matter accumulation was higher when the entire N was applied as basal in both the years. It was found that 120 kg N ha^-1 was better for both grain and biological yield. Yield of 2008-09 was lower than that of 2007-08. In the early stage in 2008-09, the tillering was slow due to higher temperature compared to that period of the previous year and dry matter accumulation was lower in the later stage. For this reason both grain and biological yields were lower in 2008- 09 than in 2007-08. As regards with the application time, insignificant differences were found among the application time in both the years. Therefore splitting of urea was not an important factor. There was no consistency between two years results. Therefore, splitting of N is not important, rather amount is very important. Nitrogen can be applied all as basal or in splits as basal and top dressing within 40 DAS.

Keywords: Nitrogen, Amount, Aapplication time, Growth and yield

Location: Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-00-2007

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

1. To find out the optimum dose of N-fertilizer and time of application for higher yield of wheat.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2007-08 and 2008-09 in research field of Wheat Research Centre (WRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Nashipur, Dinajpur. The Agro Ecological Zone (AEZ) of the area is Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain (AEZ-1). The geographical position of the area is between 25°38′ N and 88°41′ E, and 38 m above sea level. The soil of 0- 30cm depth showed 23 to 28% clay, 48 to 53% silt, 24% sand. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with 3 replications. The main plots were assigned by 3 rates of N (80, 100 and 120 kg ha^-1). The sub-plots were assigned by 4 different times of installments viz., i) all as basal, ii) 2/3 as basal and 1/3 at 19 DAS, iii) 1/2 as basal and 1/2 at 19 DAS, and iv) 1/3 as basal, 1/3 at 19 DAS and 1/3 at 42 DAS. A blanket dose of P-K-S-B-Zn @ 33-50-20-1-4 kg ha^-1 was applied as basal. All the top dressing of N was made after irrigation. The unit plot size was 4×5m. Seeds of wheat variety BARI Gam 24 (Prodip) were sown on 26 November 2007 and 25 November 2008 in lines 20 cm apart at a rate of 140 kg ha-1. Mulching was done at 31 DAS in 2007-08 and 26 DAS in 2008-09 for weed control. Three irrigations were applied at 19, 42 and 70 DAS in 2007-08 and 19, 42 and 77 DAS in 2008-09. Initial plant population and tiller production were recorded at 14 and 40 DAS, respectively. Number of spikes per m², plant height and spike length were recorded at physiological maturity. For dry matter above ground plants parts were collected from an area of 0.5×0.4m at 3 growth stages viz., i) CRI stage (19 DAS), ii) maximum tillering stage (40 DAS) and iii) heading stage (62 DAS), and dry weight was taken after drying in a oven. Yield and yield attributes were recorded after harvesting the crop. Straw yield was taken sundry basis. The data were compiled and subjected to statistical analysis. Analysis of variance was done with the help of MSTATC computer package. Mean separation test was done according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Average maximum and minimum temperature (ºC) in 2007-08 and 2008-09 was recorded. Methods of chemical analysis of soil - Soil pH was measured in a 1:2 soil/water using Glass Electrode pH meter. Organic carbon was determined by Walkley and Black oxidation method. Total N was determined by micro Kjeldhal. Ca and Mg were determined by extractable method. P, K, S and Zn were determined by modified Hunter’s methods. B was determined colorimetrically by the Azomethine-H method.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL; ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 3, Issue: 2, Page: 886-896, November-December, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is concluded that 120 kg N ha^-1 was better for both grain and biological yields. Yield of 2008-09 was lower than that of 2007- 08. In the early stage in 2008-09, the tillering was slow due to higher temperature compared to that time of the previous year and dry matter accumulation was lower in the later stage. For this reason both grain and biological yields were lower in 2008-09 than in 2007-08. As regards with the application time, insignificant differences were found among the application time in both the years. Therefore splitting of urea was not important factor; rather N amount was more concern. In case of split application of N insignificant results were found in both the years. There was no consistency between two years. Therefore, splitting of N is not important, rather amount is very important. Nitrogen can be applied all as basal or in split, including a basal dose, within 40 DAS.

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