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Climatic Change of Bangladesh Over a Cycle of Period 35 Years

M. ABDULLAH ANSARY
Department of Mathematics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

M. ALAMGIR HOSSAIN
Department of Mathematics, Pabna College, Pabna, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Bangladesh has been undergoing hazardous climatic changes. Monsoon is changing its pattern. Variations of temperature, humidity, rainfall are remarkable. The seasonal changes of Bangladesh such as the transition from winter to spring, summer to autumn in temperate zone, and from wet to dry in the tropics are remarkable to take into consideration. The climatic changes have great influence on the distribution of plants and animals and in the formation of soils through the weathering of geological materials and the decomposition or preservation of organic matter. Various weather parameters over a cycle were studied and determined the coefficient of variations to compare the past, present and future situation in Bangladesh. The frequency distribution and the shift in distribution of monsoon rainfall were determined and analyzed to show the trend of climate changes and their impact on environment. The important findings are the surface temperature rise by 0.60C and the rainfall in monsoon likely to be increased by 12% in the year 2030. However, the seasonal rainfall trend is decreasing.

Keywords: Key words: Temperature, Rainfall pattern, 35 years

Location: All over Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2005

End Date:

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Weather/Climate

Objectives:

To observe the Climatic change of Bangladesh over a cycle of period 35 years

Methodology:

The maximum rainfall was 492 mm at July and 275 mm at October in the year 2005. The maximum rainfall was 302 mm at September and 247 mm at August in the year 2006. So clearly, the authors noted that, day by day the rainfall has been decreasing. Here authors marked only the total rainfall of every month in the year 2007. The total rainfall in this year was 2018 mm. January and December were nil rainfall months, only 1 mm rainfall was recorded in the month of November. Maximum rain fall was 724 mm in July. Here the authors divide three seasons of the year 2007 and saw that, there were 4.91% rainfall in the first season, January to April in the year. This season had the total rainfall 99 mm. The second part of this year was mainly rainfall months. There were no nil rainfall months in May to August. This season had the total rainfall 1533 mm in the year 2007. There are 75.97% rainfall in the second season, May to August in the year. The third season is September to December. The total rainfall of this season was 386 mm in the year 2007. There are 19.12% rainfall in the third season, September to December in the year. November and December are nil rainfall months. If we shall divide two seasons where June, July, August and September are first season. The rest of eight months are second season. Here it is noted that, there were 78.39% rainfall in the first season, June, July, August and September in the year. There were 21.61% rainfall in the second season. Here the authors identified three causes for decreasing rainfall. These are, (i) increasing population, (ii) land use pattern change and (iii) effects of Farakka Barrage (Banerjee 1999). The problems that climate change is likely to pose for Bangladesh are not necessarily new. The Bangladesh legal system has a wealth experience in dealing, for example, with inundation, flooding and population displacement. In order to ensure effective implementation of policies and strategies related to climate change, more needs to be known about the ways in which legal rules and institutions actually work in practice. It should approach to effective controls of pollution as well as of green house gases, effective, possibly community-based, protection of crucial life-supporting ecosystems. Presently an international measure has been adopted by way of recovery from climatic change. Climate is changing all over the world for the reasons of developed countries; the reasons are their heavy industries. They are throwing a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from their industries in the air in one hand, and are leaving a lot of residue of the raw materials used in the industries in the rivers, the seas and the oceans on the other hand. As a result the natural environment is changing. But the matter of interest is that the underdeveloped countries and the developing ones are falling in hazard more than the developed countries. In addition, the underdeveloped and the developing countries are also responsible more or less for climatic changes, because they are destroying forests, using river commercially, they are obstructing natural flow of water through rivers and channels by constructing barrage, dams etc.

Source of Information: Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 39, No. 1, 73-82, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The paper is concerned with the trend analysis of meteorological data on temperature and rainfall changes in Bangladesh over a period of 35 years. The main finding includes the surface temperature increase by 0.6⁰C in the period of 35 years. The seasonal rainfall decreased but it is predicted that the monsoon rainfall will be increased by 12% by the year 2030. Some effects were found in environment for the change of climatic parameters.

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