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Effects of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth and Production Performance of Exotic Carps in Polyculture System

H. Ali
Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M.B.A. Talukder
Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.

M. S. Alam
Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. Khan
Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M.I. Shariful
Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.

M. Anisuzzaman
Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizers in combination with constant supply of supplementary feed on growth and production performance of exotic carps for a period of one year, from January 2008 to December 2008. Three treatments namely T₁ (sheep manure 3200 kg/ha), T₂ (goat manure 3200 kg/ha), and T₃ {sheep manure + goat manure (1:1) 3200 kg/ha}, each in triplicates were used in the present study. All these ponds were rectangular in shape, each having a surface area of 44 m² with an average depth of 1 m. and the ponds were without inlet and outlet. Fertilizers were applied over the ponds fortnightly and silver carp, common carp and grass carp were stocked @ 10000 fry/ha with a combination of 4:3:3. A mixture of supplementary feeds was provided in all the treatments at 5% body weight of fish twice daily. The length (cm) gain of all the fishes (silver carp, common carp and grass carp) were recorded in treatments T₁ (29.6±0.07, 25.1±0.03 and 24.1±0.05), T₂ (31.6±0.05, 27.5±0.05 and 26.1±0.05) and T₃ (30.2±0.04, 26.2±0.03 and 24.4±0.05), respectively. The weight (g) gain of all the fishes (silver carp, common carp and grass carp) were recorded in treatments T₁ (543.0±0.74, 513.5±0.74 and 494.5±0.92), T₂ (571.0±1.35, 540.0±0.90 and 519.0±1.22) and T₃ (553.0±0.89, 525.0±0.48 and 502.0±0.73) respectively. The specific growth rate of fishes (SGR, % per day) were (0.522±0.02, 0.525±0.0.02 and 0.519±0.02), (0.528±0.03, 0.531±0.02 and 0.525±0.04) and (0.524±0.02, 0.527±0.05 and 0.522±0.02) recorded in treatments T₁, T₂ and T₃, respectively. The survival rate (%) of fishes were (79.17, 72.22 and 69.44), (81.25, 75 and 72.22) and (77.08, 75 and 72.22) recorded in treatments T₁, T₂ and T₃, respectively. The production of fishes were 1640, 1068 and 982; 1879, 1266 and 1128; and 1725, 1735 and 1043 kg/ha/year recorded in treatments T₁, T₂ and T₃, respectively. The average values of temperature (°C), (25.69±1.40, 25.97± 1.22 and 25.82±1.16), dissolved oxygen (mg/l), (5.33±0.15, 5.67±0.22 and 5.52±0.29), pH (7.68±0.16, 7.87±0.15 and 7.77±0.15) and transparency (cm), (29.67±0.6, 28.22±0.7 and 29.10±0.44) in treatments T₁, T₂ and T₃, respectively had no significant effects among the treatments.

Keywords: Exotic carps, growth and production, organic fertilizers, survival rate

Location: Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2008

End Date: 00-12-2008

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Carp fish

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the effects of organic fertilizers with constant supply of supplementary feeds on the growth, survival and production of the exotic carps in polyculture system as well as to monitor the changes of physico-chemical parameters of water.

Methodology:

Study area - The experiment was carried out for a period from January 2008 to December 2008 in nine mini ponds situated at the south-west corner of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. All these ponds were rectangular in shape, each having a surface area of 44 m² with an average depth of 1 m. and the ponds were without inlet and outlet. The water was supplied into the ponds from the deep tube-well. Pond preparation - The procedure for the preparation of all the experimental ponds was same. Aquatic vegetations were removed by manual methods after repairing the ponds dykes. Predatory and other unwanted species were removed by using cast and seine nets. The ponds were limed @ 250 kg/ha. Sources of fry, feed and fertilizers - Fish fry were collected from hatchery of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh. Feeds were collected from Mymensingh town. Organic fertilizers (goat and sheep manures) were collected from Dairy farm and animal nutrition field laboratory, BAU, Mymensingh, respectively. Experimental design and post-stocking management - The experiment was conducted by Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) process having three treatments namely T₁ (sheep manure 3200 kg/ha), T₂ (goat manure 3200 kg/ha), and T₃ (sheep manure + goat manure (1:1), 3200 kg/ha}, and each treatment was run in triplicates. Stocking density was 10,000 fry/ha with a combination of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (4:3:3). Fishes were fed with supplementary feed consisting of rice-bran, wheat-bran and fishmeal (40:40:20) at the rate of 5% of their body weight throughout the study period. The feeds were supplied in the dough form and feeding was done directly without any feeding trays. The feeds were supplied in the morning and evening also. All the ponds were fertilized at every 15 days intervals. Proximate compositions of supplementary feeds - Proximate composition (moisture, lipid, protein, ash, crude fiber, and nitrogen free extract) of supplementary feeds (Fish meal, Rice bran and Wheat bran) were determined by using standard methods in the nutrition laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Water quality parameters - The physico-chemical parameters of water such as temperature (°C), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO, mg/l) and transparencies (cm) were recorded monthly throughout the experimental period at 9 am by using a commercial kit box (Model: FF-3, USA). Growth and production monitoring - Growth (length and weight) and production of fishes were measured monthly by sampling by using a measurement scale and a digital electronic balance KERN, Model No. EMB 2000-0. The following parameters were used to evaluate the growth and production of the fishes: a) Mean length gain (cm): Mean final length (cm) – Mean initial length (cm). b) Mean weight gain (g): Mean final weight (g) – Mean initial weight (g). c) Specific growth rate, SGR (% per day): SGR (% day) = [(log W₂ - log W₁)/ T₂ - T₁] x 100. Here, W₂ = Mean final weight, W₁ = Mean initial weight, T₂ = at the end of the experiment and T₁ = Initial time of the experiment. Survival rate (%): (No.of fish harvested/No of fish stocked) x 100. e) Production (kg/ha/year): No. of fish harvested × final average weight. Statistical analysis - Analysis of the data was done by the software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 11.5 significance was assigned at 0.05% level.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL; ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 2, Issue: 3, Page: 585-591, May - June, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The average values of temperature (°C), (25.69±1.40, 25.97± 1.22 and 25.82±1.16), dissolved oxygen (mg/l), (5.33±0.15, 5.67±0.22 and 5.52±0.29), pH (7.68±0.16, 7.87±0.15 and 7.77±0.15) and transparency (cm), (29.67±0.6, 28.22±0.7 and 29.10±0.44) in treatments T₁, T₂ and T₃, respectively had no significant effects among the treatments. There was no significant (p>0.05) different in initial length and weight of fishes under different treatments. The mean SGR (% per day) of silver carp, common carp and grass carp in different treatments ranged between 0.519 to 0.531. The survival (%) of silver carp, common carp and grass carp were ranged from 69.44 to 81.25 among the treatments.

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