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Determination of in Vivo Protein Digestibility of Different Feed Ingredients for Nilotica (oreochromis Nilotica)

Md. Shamim Ahmed
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Md. Ayaz Hasan Chisty
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Zerin Sultana
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Pabittra kumar das
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Md. Sahin Iqball
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The Protein digestibility for four experimental ingredients and test diets were determined for Nilotica (Oreochromis nilotica) using in vivo technique. Five different diets (one Reference and 4 Test diets) were prepared using different feed ingredients viz. fish meal (FM), meat and bone meal (M&B), soybean cake (SC) and mustard oil cake (MOC), were designated as RD and TD1, TD2, TD3 and TD4 . Reference diet contained 35.6% protein and the test diets were prepared by the 30% substitution of RD with respective feed ingredients. Chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) was used as the marker (0.5%) in diets. The fish were kept in aquaria (n = 30; average weight 30gm) and reared on reference and different test diets to collect the feces of the respective food and ingredients. At significant difference (P<0.05) highest protein digestibility among the diets was obtained in TD₁ (71.94 ± 1.466), TD₂ (63.40 ± 0.241), TD₃ (67.94 ± 0.395) and TD₄ (60.33 ± 1.094) respectively. Also significantly (P<0.05) highest protein digestibility among the ingredients was obtained in FM (94.81 ± 4.88%) and SC (81.47 ± 1.317) and comparatively lower protein digestibility among the ingredients was obtained in M&B (66.35 ± 0.803) and MOC (56.08 ± 3.647). From this experiment it is presumed that Fish meal and Soybean cake would be good sources of protein for suitable diet preparation of Nilotica.

Keywords: Digestibility, test diet, reference diet, Ingredients, Oreochromis Nilotica

Location: Fish nutrition lab and Fish physiology lab of Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology (FMRT) Discipline of Khulna University

Start Date: 00-09-2007

End Date: 00-02-2008

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Feed

Objectives:

1. To determine the protein digestibility of different feed ingredients using in vivo method that can be applied to the practical evaluation of suitable protein source for diet preparation of Nilotica.

Methodology:

Profile of the study area: The Experiment was conducted at the Fish nutrition lab and Fish physiology lab of Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology (FMRT) Discipline of Khulna University. The study period was from September 2007 to February 2008. Selection of feed ingredients: Seven different types of feed ingredients viz. Meat and bone meal, soybean meal, fish meal, wheat flour, maize meal, rich polishing and mustard oil cake were collected from local market and The Proximate composition of feed ingredients were analyzed in fish nutrition lab to determine the level of crude protein and moistur. Crude Protein: The Level of Crude protein in samples was determined according to AOAC. In brief, the sample was digested with concentrated Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) and resolvent followed by distillation with 40% NaOH. Finally by titration crude protein was determined. Moisture: The moisture content (%) of sample was determined by using an electric moisture determination apparatus, oven (model no. MA 30-000V3, SARTORIUS AG Feed formulation: In the experiment, five different types of diets (Reference and 4 Test diets) were formulated by using ‘Pearson Sequare’ method and prepared diets or pellet using Hand pellet machine. The reference diet was formulated and prepared that contained 30% crude protein. Chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) was used as an inert marker at a concentration of 0.5% in reference diet. Four test ingredients (Fish meal, meat & bone meal, Soybean Cake, Mustard oil Cake) were selected to determine their apparent protein digestibility. Four test diets were prepared using a combination of 70% reference diet and 30% of the test ingredients. The test diets were designated as TD₁ for Fish meal diet, TD₂ for Meat & Bone meal diet, TD₃ for Soybean cake and TD₄ for Mustard oil cake Nutrient value of Reference and Test diets: Protein contents of the reference and test diets were determined after manufacturing. Fish collection and rearing: Live specimens of O. nilotica (average Body Weight 30gm) were collected from local market and kept in the aquaria. Five fish were kept in each of the six aquaria with continuous aeration. Water temperature in the aquaria was kept around 27°C. The fishes were acclimatized and reared on commercial feed (30 % protein) in different aquaria for one week prior to the feeding trial started. Feeding and fecal collection: The fish of all the aquaria were acquainted and habituated with the reference diet for 4 days before the faecal matter was collected. Two hours after serving the food and 75% water of the aquaria was changed to remove the uneaten food and wastes. The faeces were collected at every 30 min. intervals from each aquarium using a collection tube (dropper) for four hours. Collection of the faeces was stopped when the weight of the faeces was about to 10g. Faeces of the test diets were also collected following the same after 4 days of habituation with the diets. After collection of the faeces in air tight glass bottle, it was kept at -18°C until used for further analysis. Protein contents and Cr₂O₃ of the diets and faeces were determined Analytical methods: Chromic oxide concentration of the diets and faeces were determined. Comparing the absorbance from the standard curve that was prepared previously. The apparent Protein digestibility coefficients (APDCs) of dry matter and protein for the test ingredients and diets were calculated. Statistical analyses: Spread sheet analysis of data was done using Microsoft Excel, One way single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was done using SPSS 12.0 for windows

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL; ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 2, Issue: 4, Page: 686-692, July - August, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the experiment it is presumed that Fish meal and Soybean cake would be good sources of protein for suitable diet preparation of Nilotica.

Knowledge Management: Journal