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Species Composition and Abundance of Fishes in the Brush Shelter Fishery of Kaptai Lake

Uddin, K. B
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Sub-station, Rangamati-4500, Bangladesh.

A. K. M. S. Islam
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Sub-station, Rangamati-4500, Bangladesh.

S. S. Basak
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Sub-station, Rangamati-4500, Bangladesh.

Rahman, M. M.
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Sub-station, Rangamati-4500, Bangladesh.

Bashar, M. A.
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Sub-station, Rangamati-4500, Bangladesh.

Yahia Mahmud
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Sub-station, Rangamati-4500, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An investigation was carried out to know the species composition, abundance and water quality parameters in the brush shelter (a fish aggregation device) of Kaptai Lake. This is locally known as Juk fishing, an important means of fishing in Kaptai Lake. There were four study areas named as Rangamati sadar, Kaptai, Langadu and Barkol upazilla. A number of water quality parameters such as air temperature (°C), water temperature (°C), water depth (m), dissolved oxygen (mg/l), free CO₂ (mg/l), pH, total alkalinity (mg/l), transparency (m) and water depth (m) were recorded and were found within the suitable range for fishes. A total of four brush shelters were harvested from different areas of Kaptai Lake and catch data was collected. The size of the brush shelter ranged from 15 to 30 decimal with an average size of 20 decimal. Average production from brush shelter was estimated as 14.25 kg/decimal. A total of 20 species of fish including one exotic species (Oreochromis niloticus) and two species of prawn were recorded from the harvested brush shelter. Siluriformes (cat fish) were most dominant order constituting 36.76% of the total fish production followed by Cypriniformes 22.79%, Perciformes 21.32%, Osteoglossiformes 7.21%, Synbranchiformes 5.15%, small prawn and others contribute 6.79%.

Keywords: Species, Fishes, Brush shelter, Kaptai Lake

Location: Rangamati sadar, Kaptai, Langadu and Barkol upazilla

Start Date: 00-11-2012

End Date: 00-06-2013

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Aquatic animal

Objectives:

To determine the species composition and abundance of fishes in the brush shelter fishery of kaptai lake

Methodology:

Kaptai Lake situated in the southeastern part of Bangladesh, with an average surface area of 58,300 ha (68,800 ha when full) and water reserve of 525×10⁶ m³, is the largest in South Asia. The present study was conducted November 2012 to June 2013 at different areas of Kaptai Lake. During the study period suitable area were selected for brush shelter establishment in Rangamati sadar, Kaptai, Langadu and Barkol upazilla. In every upazilla one brush shelters was established and harvested for catch composition, fish abundance and production estimation. Species composition was recorded according to the group and order of fish and prawn during the period of harvesting. In the catch, fish and prawn species were identified using the taxonomic keys provided. Brush shelter fishing is a method of fishing which employed to trap fish using branches of bushy trees. This method is locally called juk fishing. The term juk also varies regionally with a number of synonyms such as jhug, katta and jhata. The size of the brush shelter ranged from 15 to 30 decimal with an average size of 20 decimal. Brush shelter was prepared by two type’s materials; materials for shed and materials for shelter of fishes. Floating aquatic weeds, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Enhydra fluctuans and Ipomoea aquatica were mostly used for shed of fishes and branches and roots of different trees like Hijal (Barringtonia acuitangula), Mango (Mangifera indica), Black-berry (Syzygium cumini), Jack fruit (Artocarpus integra), Jarul, Hawra, Nonta were used for shelter of fishes. Long bamboos and nylon rope were used to encircle and fix aquatic weeds, branches and roots of different trees. Feed like wheat bran, rice bran, mustard oil cake, and fermented rice were administered periodically. Attractants like Methi, akangi, fish call powder were used to attract fish before harvesting. A number of water quality parameters such as air temperature (°C), water temperature (°C), water depth (m), dissolved oxygen (mg/l), free CO₂ (mg/l), pH, total alkalinity (mg/l), transparency (m) and water depth (m) were recorded monthly. Temperature (air and water), dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, transparency, water depth, and total alkalinity were studied following APHA and using chemicals Kit Box. Pocket pH meter was used to determine water pH. Fishing operation in a brush shelter is complicated and three to five days were needed to complete harvesting. Expert fishing team was hired for fishing in brush shelter. Large seine net (Juk jal) and oxygen musk were used for harvesting. Before harvesting total area of brush shelter were encircled with a large seine net up to bottom. Then they clear the brushes from the encircled area. Harvesting starts by a cast net to catch large size fishes. For total harvesting slowly reduced the net and catch all of the fishes.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL, ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 10, Issue: 3, Page: 233-237, November - December, 2014

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion it can be stated that, brush shelter fishing is detrimental to the Kaptai Lake fishery if it involves to the complete harvesting of both mature brood fishes and their progeny particularly in the dry season. But, proper management of brush shelter fishery can be used as a tool for sustainability of fish resources, where natural fish population can be conserved without harvesting of mature brood fishes during harvesting period. Setting of brush shelter can help to improve the status of fish habitat and biodiversity in Kaptai Lake. Fish and other aquatic animals can take shelter in the brush shelter during the lean season and attain maturity for spawning in the next monsoon is obviously very significant. If not harvested the total fish population, at the onset of next monsoon, these fish populations are expected to be dispersed on different part of the Kaptai Lake and contributing the recruitments from the next year. Fishers should be discouraged from harvesting of total catch from the brush shelter.

Knowledge Management: Journal