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Breeding and Anther Derived Lines of Rice (oryza Sativa L.) for Saline Coastal Areas of Bangladesh

M. SAZZADUR RAHMAN
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

KESHOB C. DAS
National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

DIPOK K. DAS
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

KUNTAL BISWAS
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

M. BADRUL H. CHOWDHURY
National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

NILUFER H. KARIM
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. ABDUS SALAM
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

ZEBA I. SERAJ
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Twenty seven anther culture lines (AC-lines) from rice (Oryza sativa L.) were produced from saline tolerant F2 progeny after crosses between salt tolerant IRRI-derived lines and Bangladesh Rice and advanced up to Double Haploid 3 (DH3) generation. Similarly crossed material, which did not respond to anther culture, was also advanced up to F7. The AC-lines were fully characterized for various salinity tolerance parameters at seedling and reduction division stages. The breeding lines were selected for tolerance again at F4 and advanced on site in the coastal area. DH3 plants were also evaluated for agronomic performance in normal soil. The best performing breeding as well as AC-lines in terms of salinity tolerance and agronomic properties were planted in farmers fields in the Boro season, when salinity levels are the highest in the coastal zones of Satkhira. One anther derived line AC-1 and three breeding lines, BR7076, BR7077 and BR7098 produced high yield under stress conditions, whereas AC-1, BR7076 and BR7077 showed moderate reduction in grain yield compared to non-saline conditions. Considering both tolerance and yield performance in the saline area, AC-1 showed more stability compared to the breeding lines.

Keywords: Anther culture, Breeding, Salinity stress, Coastal rice, Oryza sativa, Bangladesh

Location: Dhaka University

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To develop salt tolerant rice varieties suitable for the Boro season having reasonable agronomic characteristics by using anther culture and conventional breeding.

Methodology:

Crosses for incorporating salinity tolerance in boro lines: IRRI-derived salt tolerance donor lines having lineage from the popular landrace Pokkali. These lines were IR52724, IR50184, IR60494, IR58440, IR65195 and IR51491-AC5-4 and www.irri.org/iris). One BRRI derived line, BRRI dhan40, having similar lineage was also used (Lisa et al. 2004). The recipient varieties were BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan29 and BRRI dhan36 as well as Purbachi. F2 generation were raised and screened for salinity tolerance in hydroponics at the seedling stage. For each cross, 2000 seeds were collected out of which 600 - 800 were screened for tolerance to salinity at 12 dS/m. Plants were selected on the basis of good plant type and selected plants advanced in bulk in yearly boro seasons up to F6 or until there was no segregation. Plants were selected from six breeding lines, BR7071, BR7076, BR7077, BR7078, BR7079 and BR7098. Anther culture: Only two crosses (IR52724/BRRI dhan36 and BRRI dhan40/BRRI dhan29) gave a positive response to anther culture. All boots were collected early in the morning. After washing with sterilized water, the boots were placed at 8º C for cold treatment for eight days. Anthers were then plated in callus induction media (modified B5) and placed directly in the dark incubator at 24º C. Anthers were plated in Petri plates with 75 - 90 anthers per plate. After induction from anthers, calli were transferred into MS regeneration media for green plant regeneration. The green plants were then transferred into soil for hardening. In all cases, modified B5 media (Gamborg et al. 1968) was used for callus induction with the following supplements: KA = B5 + 2,4-D (1.0 mg/l) + IAA (0.5 mg/l) + BAP (0.2 mg/l). KB = B5 + 2,4-D (1.0 mg/l)+ Na2SO4 (7.5 g/l). KC = B5 + 2,4-D (1.0 mg/l) + NaCl (5.0 g/l). For regeneration MS media with K (1 mg/l) + NAA (1 mg/l) were used. Screening for salinity tolerance at seedling stage: The germinated seeds of all tested entries along with checks BRRI dhan29 (sensitive) and Pokkali (tolerant), in three replicates, were sown on netted Styrofoam sheet floating on culture solution. The seedlings were allowed to grow for five days in normal culture solution, then in solution of EC 6 dS/m, followed by 12 dS/m, six days later. A complete set under normal culture solution was used as control. Scores for tolerance were given based on the performance of whole plants as described by Ponnamperuma (1977).Different parameters such as per cent survival of plants, per cent leaf area affected, percent reduction of shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight were recorded from this screening. For the measurement of sodium and potassium concentration in shoot and root, after scoring plants were washed in flowing tap water for 30 sec. and 10 oven-dried plants from each replicate were pooled, ground and analyzed by a flame photometer (Jenway, UK) after 48 h of extraction with 1N HCl following the procedure described by Yoshida et al. 1976. All the data were analyzed statistically and means were separated using Duncuns’ Multiple Range Test when a significant F-value was obtained. separately and powdered. ECe of a 1 : 1 water extract was measured. The ECe ranged from 5.81 to 9.08 dS/m with an average of 7.36 dS/m. Ten hills were randomly selected for growth and yield components data whereas the grain and straw yield data were taken from pre-selected 5 sq m area in each plot. The data were analyzed by the statistical package IRRISTAT and DMRT.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 39(1): 71-78, 2010 (June)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The best performing breeding as well as AC-lines in terms of salinity tolerance and agronomic properties were planted in farmers fields in the Boro season, when salinity levels are the highest in the coastal zones of Satkhira. One anther derived line AC-1 and three breeding lines, BR7076, BR7077 and BR7098 produced high yield under stress conditions, whereas AC-1, BR7076 and BR7077 showed moderate reduction in grain yield compared to non-saline conditions. Considering both tolerance and yield performance in the saline area, AC-1 showed more stability compared to the breeding lines.

Knowledge Management: Journal