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Pathological and Genetic Quality Assessment of First Generation of Wheat Seed

H. M. Moniruzzaman
Upazila Agriculture Officer
Tungipara, Gopalgonj, Dept. of Agriculture Extension, Khamarbari, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. M. Haque
Professor
Dept. of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.

M. A. K. Mian
Professor
Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706,. Bangladesh

Q. A. Khaliq
Professor
Dept. of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.

M.M. Sultana4*
Agriculture extension officer
Dinajpur Sadar, Department of Agriculture Extension, Khamarbari, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Seed quality of 1^st generation of wheat was assessed during 2008 to 2010 in Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University and at controlled farm of Seed Certification Agency, Gazipur. Quality of breeder seed of 13 lots of four varieties was assessed in terms of pathological and genetic attributes. Breeder seed of wheat contained diseased seed and plants were also affected by different diseases during seed production in the field. Percent seedling infection differed significantly in different seed lots of four varieties of wheat. Bijoy was found to be more tolerant to seedling infection. Seedling infection was found positively correlated with black point affected breeder seed of wheat. Leaf blight of wheat significantly varied within the seed lots and indicated that environmental factors are responsible for differentiating leaf blight disease of wheat in Rajshahi and Dinajpur region. Percent diseased spike was also varied significantly in wheat varieties grown from different seed lots where the highest (7.33%) diseased spike was found in Shatabdi. Prevalence of fungi differed over the variety and over the environment of growing season. There are 30 morphological characters were evaluated in distinctness, uniformity and stability test of four varieties of breeder wheat seed. Out of 30 characters, the varieties showed similar in sixteen characters and variation was found in rest 14 characters of four varieties of wheat. Maximum seed lots contained off-type plants higher the standard set by National Seed Board. Majority of off-type plants were found from deviation in glucosity and lower glume beak length of wheat.

Keywords: Wheat seed, First generation, Pathological and genetic quality.

Location: Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University

Start Date: 00-00-2008

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To find out how the varieties influence them in successive 1st generation of wheat seed.

Methodology:

The samples were collected from thirteen breeder seed source of Bangladesh during wheat growing season of 2008-09. Seed sample of one kilogram from each lot was put into air tight polyethylene bag and brought to the National Laboratory of Seed Certification Agency and preserved at 4⁰C in refrigerator. Quality assessment of breeder seed was done taking sub sample from each of the seed lot. Pathological attributes were assessed in Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University as per provision of the International Rules for Seed testing. Grow out test was conducted for testing their distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) to assess the genetic purity in the control farm of Seed Certification Agency, Gazipur according to UPOV. Pure seed portion was considered for the recording of data on percent black pointed seed. Randomly 100 seeds were taken and examined by magnifying glass. Average values of three replications were converted to percentage. Seedling infection caused by fungal complex was recorded after three weeks of sowing as percentage basis. For the assessment of diseased index twenty plants were selected from each plot (five plants from each line) and tagged properly for taking data on leaf spot/leaf blight disease. Incidences were recorded after the appearance of leaf spot/leaf blight symptoms on leaf at 45 days after heading (DAH). The severity of leaf spot/leaf blight disease indexed following a standard scale of 0-5 and expressed as percent disease index (PDI) as described. Before the harvest of seed randomly 100 spikes were taken from randomly selected rows for the determination of Percent diseased spike. Average values of three replications were converted to percentage. To test the pathological status of breeder class seed, working sample of 200 seeds was randomly drawn from each seed lot. The seeds were placed on three layered moistened blotter paper in glass petridish (9 cm) containing 25 seeds per petridish. The petridishes were incubated at 25^?±2^?C under natural light and darkness cycle for seven days. Different fungi grown on the incubated seeds were recorded by using stereo binocular microscope. Genetic quality was assessed based on distinctness, uniformity and stability test of the respective four wheat varieties. The DUS test included nearly 4000 plants per plot. All observations were made on 20 plants or parts of 20 plants. Ninety two growth stages (GS) were considered up to fully mature of wheat on the basis of cereals decimal code. Coleoptiles pigment, plant growth habit, flag leaf spiral, flag leaf auricle pigment, flag leaf attitude, flag leaf attitude, fifty percent spike emergence, upper culm node hairs, Spike glucosity, Flag leaf sheath glucosity, Anther color, Straw wall thickness, Spike density, Lower glume beak length, Spike length and Grain coloration with phenol these variables was measured for genetic quality. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the (ANOVA) “Analysis of Variance” technique with the help of the computer package MSTAT. The mean differences were adjusted by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 10, Issue: 4, Page: 337-344, January - February, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Seedling infection was found positively correlated with black point affected breeder seed of wheat. Leaf blight of wheat significantly varied within the seed lots and indicated that environmental factors are responsible for differentiating leaf blight disease of wheat in Rajshahi and Dinajpur region. Percent diseased spike was also varied significantly in wheat varieties grown from different seed lots where the highest (7.33%) diseased spike was found in Shatabdi. Prevalence of fungi differed over the variety and over the environment of growing season. There are 30 morphological characters were evaluated in distinctness, uniformity and stability test of four varieties of breeder wheat seed. Out of 30 characters, the varieties showed similar in sixteen characters and variation was found in rest 14 characters of four varieties of wheat. Maximum seed lots contained off-type plants higher the standard set by National Seed Board. Majority of off-type plants were found from deviation in glucosity and lower glume beak length of wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal