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Changes of Physiochemical Parameters of Fresh and Brackish Water in Shrimp Farm

Nighat Parveen
Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208

Bhabananda Biswas
PhD research fellow, University of South Australia, Adelaide

Kalyan Ghatak
Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna

Md. Ashiqur Rahman
Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Assessment of the impact of salinity intrusion on the aquatic environment is of great importance for estimating the potential risk of environment. The study discussed about the analysis of various physicochemical parameters of six fresh water (fresh water pond) and six brackish water (shrimp farm) samples, randomly collected from different points of Rampal of Bagerhat district. Salinity (t0.05 = - 20.28, df = 10, p < 0.05), EC (t0.05 = - 45.21, df = 10, p < 0.05) and TDS (t0.0.5 = - 35.80, df = 10, p < 0.05) along with other parameters of water were significantly higher in brackish water than the fresh water. Salt contributing ions, Na+ (t0.05 = - 7.42, df = 10, p < 0.05 ), K+ (t0.05 = -10.72, df = 10, p < 0.05 ), and Cl- (t0.05 = -10.43, df = 10, p < 0.05) of water were significantly increased in the brackish water (gher) compared to the fresh water (pond), while DO, NO₃- (t0.05 = 6.96, df = 10, p < 0.05) and PO₄3- (t0.05 = 8.01, df = 10, p < 0.05) were found to be decreased in the gher water comparing to the fresh water. On the other hand, the differences in pH (t0.05 = - 1.9, df = 10, p > 0.05) between the two different water bodies was insignificant.

Keywords: Freshwater, Brackish water, Physicochemical parameter, Salt intrusion

Location: Rampal Upazilla, Bagerhat district, the south-west coastal region of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-06-2011

End Date: 00-09-2011

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

1. A study on changes of physiochemical parameters of surface and shrimp farm (gher) water was carried out in shrimp cultivation areas to determine the comparative changes of different physiochemical parameters of water in the shrimp farm under the coastal sub-district Rampal of Bagherhat Sadar.

Methodology:

The present study was scheduled to be conducted in Rampal Upazilla of Bagerhat district of the south-west coastal region of Bangladesh, situated in the southern part of Bangladesh (22°34′00″-22°56′67″N and 89°39′50″- 89°66′3″E) (Banglapedia, 2006). Main freshwater sources are the rivers Mongla, Rupsa, Khashikhali and Daudkhali in this area. The study was conducted from June to September 2011 for quantitative analysis of surface water, six freshwater (pond) and six saline water spots (shrimp farm) were randomly selected from Rampal for that purpose keeping three replications. Before sampling in 1000 ml bottles avoiding air exposure, all were washed with distilled water followed by rinsing with 7% HCl (hydrochloric acid). During water sampling, all water samples were colorless, odorless, tasteless and free from turbidity. The water samples were filtered with filter paper (Whatman No. 1) to remove undesirable solids and suspended materials before chemical analysis. The chemical analyses of water were performed as quickly as possible on arrival at laboratory. pH: The pH of water was determined by pH meter (model: Janway 211, Hanna Instrument, USA). Temperature: The temperature of water was measured by using mercury filled Celsius thermometer with an accuracy of 0.1ºC. Electrical conductivity (EC): The EC of water was determined by using digital conductivity meter (Hanna instrument, USA). Salinity: The salinity of water was determined by refractometer (model: Janway, M300, Hanna Instrument, USA). Dissolved oxygen (DO) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD): The value of DO and BOD of water were determined by modified wrinkle method. Total dissolved solids (TDS): The TDS value of water was measured by conductivity meter, model: Janway, M300, Hanna Instrument, USA. Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+) and Chloride (Cl-): Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+) contents of water were determined by flame emission spectrophotometer (model: Janway PEP-7, Hanna Instrument, USA). The concentration of chloride (Cl-) in water was determined by Argentometric electrode method (AgNO₃ method), where Cl- reacts to produce white precipitation of silver chloride and at the end point produces reddish brown color with the chromate. Calcium (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+): The Calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) contents of water were determined by titration of the water samples using 0.01M EDTA (Disodium salt) solution followed by a modified titrimetric method. Phosphate (PO₄3-), Sulphate (SO₄2-) and Nitrate (NO₃-): The concentration of phosphate in water was determined by using ammonium molybdate-ascorbic acid solution and measured the absorbance on a spectrophotometric method. The concentration of sulphate (SO₄2-) in water was determined by turbidimetric method by measuring the color intensity at 420 nm wavelength in spectrophotometer. Statistical Analyses: Statistical relations were measured with the aid of computer using SPSS version 12.0 software package.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL; ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 8, Issue: 2, Page: 107-114, March - April, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study revealed that many important chemical parameters, which are higher in the saline water (gher water) might have deleterious effects on the freshwater environment as well as the flora and fauna of less saline water. This is more likely if the gher water (saline water) intrudes intentionally or unintentionally into the freshwater or the surrounding open water bodies. With a growing concern for rising salinity, awareness and interest in climate change impacts on the water sources should be addressed more than before. Adaptation practices to improve coping mechanisms and reduce vulnerabilities of communities should be advocated, including measures to increase storage capacity of rainwater and apply desalination processes. The coastal protection activities should be done with sufficient drainage facilities. This study would give an open view to further research on the effects of the saline intrusion on the specific species, crop, soil or habitat, which would clarify the aim and management approaches to the sustainable environmental usage.

Knowledge Management: Journal