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Effects of Temperature on the Egg Production and Growth of Monosex Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus Fry

M.A.R. Faruk
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensinmgh 2202, Bangladesh

M. M. Hasan
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensinmgh 2202, Bangladesh

I.Z. Anka
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensinmgh 2202, Bangladesh

M.I. Mausumi
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensinmgh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In order to know the effect of temperature on egg production and growth of monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry the present study was conducted at a private fish hatchery in Trishal upazilla of Mymensingh district for nine months from January to September 2011. Pond water temperature during the experimental period fluctuated from 25°C to 33°C. Eggs were collected from mouth of female tilapia and were subsequently incubated for hatching in tray where incubation temperature was maintained at 28±1^oC. Monosex male tilapia was produced by feeding 17α–methyl testosterone hormone mixed feed. Growth of fry was observed at 7, 14 and 21 days at different water temperature. Results of the present study showed that water temperature had significant (P<0.01) effect on egg production. Egg production decreased with the increase of water temperature. Maximum number of eggs was produced at 25°C and minimum number at 33°C. The most suitable period for egg production was observed in March and the optimum temperature was between 25 and 28°C. Egg production was found very low at temperature ranged from 29-33°C. Water temperature also found to have a significant (P<0.01) effect on growth of fry. The growth of fry decreased with the increase of water temperature. The optimum temperature for growth was 25-29°C and the growth was found lower at 30-33°C. These results of the present study thus indicated that temperature played an important role on promoting the egg production and growth of Nile tilapia fry.

Keywords: Temperature, Egg production, Ggrowth, Nile tilapia

Location: A private fish hatchery and culture farm named “Agro-3” in Trishal Upazilla of Mymensingh district

Start Date: 00-01-2011

End Date: 00-09-2011

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Tilapia

Objectives:

1. The main objectives of the present study were therefore to know the effect of temperature on egg production and growth of monosex Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fry and to find out the optimum temperature for egg production and growth.

Methodology:

Study area - The study was carried out for 9 months from January to September, 2011 at a private fish hatchery and culture farm named “Agro-3” in Trishal Upazilla of Mymensingh district. This farm is well known for producing good quality monosex tilapia fry with an annual production of about 1,20,00,000 fry. Brood stock management - For the production of monosex male tilapia, mature and healthy brood fishes (250-500 g) of both sexes were collected. Brood female were collected from Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute and male broods were collected from the Philippines. They were reared in brood stock pond and formulated feeds containing least 25% protein were supplied at 3-4% of their body weight from November to February. During these periods male and female brood fishes were kept in separate pond. The fish started to breed from March and continued up to September. Polyethylene net was used for the preparation of rectangular breeding hapa (40 ft x 20 ft x 3.5 ft). Thirty hapas were installed in pond and breeders were kept at a stocking density of 4-6 fish/m2. Sex ratios were maintained at 1:3 (1 male to 3 female). Formulated feeds having 30% crude protein were fed to the brood at the rate of 3-4% per estimated weight of biomass twice daily. Collection, counting and incubation of fertilized eggs - The effect of temperature on egg production of tilapia was determined through the collection and counting of eggs from 30 hapas set in one pond. Each sexually mature female liberated ovulated egg at 2-3 week interval and subsequently the male partner in the breeding hapa fertilized the eggs. The female fish held the fertilized eggs in her mouth for natural incubation. Fertilized eggs/hatched fry with yolk sac, were collected from the mouth of female breeders. Eggs were collected from 30 hapas at different water temperature. Total number of eggs collected from 15 hapas was termed as replication one (R₁) and others 15 hapas were considered as replication two (R₂). Mean number of eggs were determined from two replications at different water temperature. Pond water temperature was recorded using a Celsius thermometer. A small size beaker was used during the collection of eggs which contained 100 g of eggs. It was calculated that 10,000 pieces of eggs were in 100 g. Collected fertilized eggs were incubated in a series of round bottom plastic jars and flat trays, where freshwater (28±1^oC) came directly from header tank by gravity. Immediately after hatching, larvae were deposited at the basement of the attached tray and they were transferred to a series of separate trays and kept until first feeding fry stage. Hatching period was found 65-72 hours. Before transferring to the 1st feeding tank, swim-up fry were transferred to big tray with showering for two days. Procedure of production of all male tilapia fry - Sex reversal was done by feeding 17α–methyl testosterone hormone mixed feed to fry. Feeding of hormone mixed feeds to the first feeding fry was started in transitory tanks covered with fine meshed net materials. Hapas (5.8 ft x5.9 ft x2.5 ft) were set inside the tank and stocking density was 80,000 fry/hapa. Feeding of hormone mixed feed was done in transitory tanks for 3 days at satiation level. Then the hormone mixed feeds was fed to the early fry for 21 days in the nursery hapa (16 ft x 6.6 ft x 3.5 ft) installed in treatment pond. Stocking density of fry was 15,000/hapa. Feeding rate was 15g, 25g and 35g in 1st, 2nd and 3rd week respectively. Feeding intensity was 5 times daily. Growth of hormone treated monosex tilapia fry - The effect of temperature on the growth of hormone treated monosex Nile tilapia fry were observed for 21 days in the nursery hapas in treatment pond. Growth of fry was determined in terms of number of fry/10 g. At first, 10 g of fry was weighed in electronic balance and then counting the number of fry. Growth of fry was observed in 7, 14 and 21 days at different water temperature. A total of 10 treatments (T) were considered. Treatments were based on different duration where T₁ was taken during 26.02.11-18.03.11 and T₁₀was in the duration of 10.09.11-30.09.11. Three samples were taken in every 7, 14 and 21 days for each treatment. The samples were termed as replication (R). Growth of fry was observed for each 10 treatments in 10 different hapas at different time. Hapas were set in the same pond. Stocking density was maintained for each treatment at the rate of 15,000 fry/hapa. Feeding rate and feeding intensity were also same Data analysis - The data obtained for the egg production and growth of hormone treated tilapia fry were statistically analyzed to see whether the influence of different temperatures were significant or not. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done with the help of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science).

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL; ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 7, Issue: 4, Page: 367-377, November - December, 2012

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study indicates that temperature had direct effect on egg production and growth of monosex Nile tilapia fry. The ambient water temperature for egg production and growth was in the range of 25-28°C. There was significant difference in egg production among different water temperature. The highest numbers of eggs were observed at 25°C and the lowest number of eggs was observed at 33°C. The mean number of eggs at 25°C was significantly higher than other temperature. The higher numbers of eggs were produced from 25-28°C. The number of eggs were decreased with the increased of water temperature.

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