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Phenological Characters and Genetic Divergence in Aromatic Rice

S.M. Shahidullah
Senior Scientific Officer
Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

M.M. Hanafi
Professor
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

M. Ashrafuzzaman
Professor
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M. Razi Ismail
Professor
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

M. A. Salam
Researcher
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Phenological properties of rice cultivars determine their yield potential, local agronomic suitability and ability to escape from drought and natural calamities. This study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of aromatic rice genotypes on the basis of phenological characters. 40 genotypes composed of 32 local aromatic, 5 exotic aromatic and three non-aromatic rice cultivars were used in the experiment. Multivariate analysis grouped the genotypes into 6 clusters. In discriminant function analysis (DFA) function 1 and function 2 together absorbed 99.9% of total dispersion. The most contributing characters participated in the clustering were growth duration, flowering duration, basic vegetative phase (BVP) and relative photoperiod sensitivity. Inter-cluster D2 value was the maximum between cluster i and iii and minimum was found between ii and iv. Cluster i and ii possessed the majority of genotypes having shorter BVP and strong photoperiod sensitivity. Therefore these genotypes can be used in the objective type of breeding programme and also for successful crop production in the post flood situation especially in the disaster-prone countries of south Asia.

Keywords: Basic vegetative phase, Photoperiod sensitivity, Growth duration, Phenology, Aromatic rice.

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date: 01-07-2005

End Date: 30-06-2006

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To evaluate the phenological characters of aromatic rice from different sources and to determine genetic distance/relationship among them on the basis of cluster analysis.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the farm of BRRI in 2005. A total of 40 rice germplasm composed of 32 local aromatic, 5 exotic and 3 non-aromatic rice varieties as standard checks, were selected for this research. Among the 3 non aromatic varieties, BR28 is a modern Boro, BR39 is a modern T. Aman variety and the third one, Nizersail was used as a standard check for comparing photoperiod sensitivity among the genotypes. Exotic genotypes used in the study include Basmati PNR346 from Pakistan; Sarwati and Sugandha- 1 from Nepal and Khazar and Neimat from Iran. The rest materials are representing their distribution throughout Bangladesh. 40 rice genotypes formed the treatment variables and were assigned randomly to each unit plot of 5 m × 2 m dimension. 30 days-old seedlings were transplanted at the spacing of 20 cm × 20 cm on August 15, 2005 following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Fertilizers P-K-S-Zn were applied at 25- 35-10-3 kg ha-1 in the form of triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate, respectively as basal dose at final land preparation. Because of wide genotypic variation in phenollogical development and yield potential, varieties differed enormously in attaining panicle initiation (PI) stage and in the requirement of nutrient elements. Nitrogen was top-dressed as urea in 2 - 3 splits to the contrary of a common dose with fixed time routine. The amount of urea and time of application were determined with the help of a leaf colour chart. One square meter area was selected and marked in each plot for tiller count. After 1 month of transplanting, tillers were counted at every alter-nate day and continued until diminishing trend of tiller number. Thus the number of days required for maximum tillers was recorded. Days to heading, 50% flowering and complete flowering were re-corded based on visual observation. Days to maturity at the time when more than 80% grains on the panicles were fully ripened. For the determination of dormancy period, seed germination of freshly harvested seeds was evaluated. A parallel experiment was carried out in a glass house to determine photoperiod sensitivity of the test materials. Seeds were sown in earthen pots on March 15, 2005. Nizersail, a local photoperiod sensitive variety, was used as a standard check. A total of 160 pots were used for this purpose. 5 seedlings were grown in each pot. Among 4 sets of pots, 2 sets were kept in 2 open rooms made of bamboo. The bamboo structures were covered by thick and dark black canvas from 5:00 pm to 6:30 am to ensure 13.5 h of dark period and 10.5 h of light period for the test materials. The photoperiod treatment was started at 15 DAS and continued up to booting stage. The rest 2 sets were grown at natural photoperiod under similar cultural practices. In data processing steps, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations were estimated. The ANOVA was done by IRRISTAT windows 4.01.

Source of Information: African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 8 (14), pp. 3199-3207, 20 July, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study made a database on phenological characters of aromatic rice. A good number of genotypes with very short BVP and strong photoperiod sensitivity have been identified. These genotypes can be successfully grown as ultra-short duration crops in the post flood agriculture programme in disaster-prone area.

Knowledge Management: Journal