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Effect of Weed Extracts Against Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus Chinensis L. (coleoptera: Bruchidae) of Mung Bean

MA Ahad
Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohamed Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

MK Nahar
Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohamed Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

MR Amin
Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

SJ Suh
School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

YJ Kwon
Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The n-hexane extracts of the weeds ‘bhatpata’ Clerodendrum viscosum, ‘kashiature’ Cassia tora, ‘dhakishak’ Dryoptris filix-max, ‘bonmorich’ Croton bonpalandianum and ‘ghagra’ Xanthium strumarium were used to evaluate their effectiveness for suppressing pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis reared on mung bean Vigna radiata grains. The investigations were done with 1, 2 and 4% n-hexane extracts of the weeds and an untreated control. The weed extracts exhibited considerable effectiveness which varied with weed species, concentrations and exposure durations. The higher concentrations showed the higher rate of insect mortality, fecundity, adult emergence inhibition, and grain protection. The LC₅₀ values of the extracts ranged from 5.3 to 7.8, 4.7 to 6.5 and 4.1 to 6.0 g/100 ml at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment, respectively. The fecundity inhibition varied from 31.7 to 78.7%, adult emergence inhibition from 33.8 to 81.1%, and grain damage inhibition from 10.3 to 60.1% when ‘bhatpata’ with concentration of 1 g/100 ml and ‘ghagra’ with concentration of 4g/100 ml were applied, respectively. Among the tested weeds, ghagra (4g/100 ml) showed better efficacy against C. chinensis compared to other tested extracts and may be suggested to control pulse beetle and protection of mung bean grains.

Keywords: Adult emergence; Bruchids; Fecundity; Grain damage; Toxicity; Weed extracts

Location: Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects, Mungbean

Objectives:

To evaluate their effectiveness on mortality, fecundity and adult emergence inhibition of C. chinensis reared on mung bean grains.

Methodology:

Mass culture of the insect was done on mungbean ( Vigna radiata ; Leguminosae) grains at an ambient temperature of 27 ± 2 °C and 80 ± 5 % RH in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Ten pairs of adult beetles (1 - 3 day old) along with the food were placed in 11 glass jar. The mouth of the jar was fastened with muslin cloth with rubber band and kept 7 days in the laboratory for mating and oviposition of the insects. The beetles were removed from the jar and the eggs laid on the pulses were allowed to hatch. To study bioassay, insect rearing was repeated until 3^rd generations with a view to ensuring enough population without affecting original culture. The weed species ‘ bhatpata ’, Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. (Verbenaceae), ‘ kashiature ’, Cassia tora L. (Leguminosae), ‘ dhakishak ’, Dryoptris filix - max L. (Polypodiaceae) , ‘ bonmorich ’, Croton bonplandianum Baill. (Euphorbiacae) and ‘ ghagra ’, Xanthium strumarium L. ( Asteraceae ) were collected from the road side of HSTU , collected in plastic bags and transported to the Entomology Laboratory. The weeds were washed with tap water and air dried for 7 days in the shade. Furthermore, the weeds were dri ed in an oven at 50 - 60 ºC for 24h to obtain constant weight. The weeds were powdered mechanically by using an electric blender, passed through 40 mesh screen and stored at 28 ºC in tightly - closed dark glass bottles. Dried powder of each weed species was separately extracted in n - hexane. For each preparation, 10g powder was macerated in a 2.51 capacity glass bottle using 11 n - hex ane (96% analytical pure) for 7 days. To be sure for complete extraction, the sample was shaken for 72h using an electric shaker.

Three day -old adult beetles were chilled for a period of 10 minutes in a refrigerator at 5 ºC, and then 1μl of an extract was applied to the dorsal thorax of the beetles with a micro pipette. Fifty insects were used for each treatment and untreated control treatment was applied with n - hexane only. The insects were then transferred into 9 cm diameter Petri dishes (10 insects / Petri dish) that contained 100 g mungbean grains. Number of insect mortality in each Petri dish was recorded at 24, 48 and 72h after treatment and % mortality was calculated. In each glass container 100 g grains were put and the predetermined extract concentrations were distinctly added to the containers with pipette, and subjected to manual agitation for 2 min. Thereafter, the grains were placed in Petri dishes and five pairs of newly emerged beetles were released in each Petri dish. After 7 days, the numbers of eggs laid by the females on mungbean grains in the Petri dish es were counted by using hand lens. The weed extracts were poured distinctly in to the glass containers which had mungbean grains. The extracts were mixed with the grains and then air dried. The grains were placed in different Petri dishes and five pairs of newly emerged beetles were released in each Petri dish. After 7 days the beetles were removed from the Petri dishes and the Petri dishes along with pulse grains were kept in the laboratory. Daily observation was made after one month of egg laid because bruchids adult usually emerge after 30 days of egg - laid. Observation was continued up to 15 days and removed the newly emerged beetles. A control treatment consisting of untreated grains was taken into account and each treatment replicated thrice. Probit analysis was employed in analyzing the dose - mortality response. LC₅₀ and LC₉₅ values and their fiducial limits were estimated. Data of the fecundity, adult emergence and grain damage inhibition were expressed as mean ± SD. Significance of mean differences among the treatments were statistically compared using GLM at 5% probability level. The individual pair wise comparisons were made using Tukey's HSD posthoc analysis through SPSS ( IBM SPSS statistics 21 ).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 75-84, March 2016, ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v41i1.27671

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

So, the findings suggested that the ‘ ghagra ’ leaf extract as an alternative means of chemical insecticides may be used to save mungbean grains from the attack of C. chinensis. Further studies are needed to identify the toxic compounds, cost of treatment, effect of the odor and flavor on processed grains , toxicity of extract on non - target species including human and development of formulation for effective application.

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