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Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria on Fruits from Different Markets of Chittagong City in Bangladesh

Amirul Islam
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Habibur R. Bhuiyan
Industrial Microbiology Division, BCSIR laboratories Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Asif Iqbal
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Meher Nigad Nipa
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Saiful Islam
Industrial Microbiology Division, BCSIR laboratories Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Md. Fakruddin
Industrial Microbiology Division, BCSIR laboratories Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Reaz Mohammad Mazumdar
Industrial Microbiology Division, BCSIR laboratories Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The major interest of the present study was to examine the presence of microorganisms on six fruits (White Grapes, Orange, Mango, Apple, Red grapes, Date) from three different markets of Chittagong city, Bangladesh and their antibiotic resistance pattern. A total of 81 isolates belonging 10 genera were recovered from 18 fruits samples of three different markets of Chittagong city. The major bacteria found were E. coli (18.52%), Vibrio Spp. (14.81%), Lactobacillus Spp. (19.75%), Staphylococcus Spp. (17.28%), Serratia Spp. (12.34%), Pseudomonas Spp. (4.94%), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (4.94%), Citrobacter Spp (4.94%) and Enterobacter Spp. (4.94%) and the fungi were Penicillium Spp (23.08%), Aspergillus Spp (38.46%), Rhizopus Spp. (30.76%). Selected isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity against 7 commonly used antibiotics belonging to different groups. 12.52% of isolates were sensitive to the entire seven antibiotic and 21.87% were found to be single antibiotic resistant. 65.61% were resistant to more than two antibiotics. Same percent (3.12%) of isolates were resistant to six antibiotics as well as seven antibiotics. Maximum 68.75% isolates were found resistant to Nalidixic acid. 53.12%, 50%, 28.13%, 37.5%, 28.13% and 9.38% were resistant to Co-Tramoxazole, Ceftriaxone, Erythromycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and Cephotaxime respectively. The results of these experiments suggested that fruits in different markets of Chittagong city contained a large number of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and steps should be taken to prevent the outbreak of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Keywords: Antibiotic, Antibiotic resistant, Fruits quality

Location: Newmarket (M1), Sholoshohor (M2) and Baluchora (M3) of Chittagong city

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Fruit

Objectives:

1. The study was conducted to identify the associated microorganisms with fruits and to examine their antibiotic resistance pattern.

Methodology:

Study area and sample collection - A total of 6 different types of fruits each collected from 3 different markets namely Newmarket (M₁), Sholoshohor (M₂) and Baluchora (M₃) of Chittagong city. All samples were collected in sterile polythene in an insulated box with ice to maintain a temperature ranging from 40 to 60 and analyzed within one hour after procurement. Sample preparation - The samples were rinsed thoroughly with sterile distilled water and these were serially 10 fold diluted up to 10-6. Dilution was made depending on cell density. The highest three dilutions were taken for analyzing the total microbial count. 10 ml of the diluted suspension obtained by washing the surface of each fruits were inoculated to 90 ml Luria-Bertani (LB) broth for overnight incubation at 37⁰C. This overnight culture in LB broth was plated by spread plate technique on selective media for the isolation and identification of bacteria. Bacterial and fungal enumeration - Each fruit sample was tested for total bacterial count, total coliforms count (TC), faecal coliform count (FC) and yeast and mold count (YC) following procedures described elsewhere. Nutrient agar was used for total viable count, Potato Dextrose Agar for yeast and mold count (YC), Macconkey broth for total coliform and faecal coliform count. For total bacterial count and fungal enumeration pour plate and spread plate technique was used and for total coliform and fecal coliform count Most probable number (MPN) technique was used to determine the number of colony forming units (CFU). Plating was performed by pour plate and spread plate methods using 1 ml and 0.1 ml sample. After inoculation the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24-48 h, except MacConkey broths for faecal coliform count that were incubated at 44.5°C. Isolation and identification of strains - The pathogens from the surface of samples were enriched & isolated on selective media & identification was done according to “Bergey`s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology.”(Holt, 1984). Biochemical tests were performed using conventional methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing - A total of 51 strains were tested for antibiotic resistance by standard agar disc diffusion technique (Bauer et al., 1996) on Muller Hinton agar using commercial discs (Himedia, India). The following antibiotics with the disc strength in parentheses were used: Erythromycin (ERY, 15 μg), Cephotaxime (CEPH, 30 μg), Co-Tramoxazole (COT, 25 μg), Nalidixic acid (NA,30 μg), Ceftriaxone (CEFT,30 μg), chloramphenicol (CHL, 30 μg) and streptomycin (STREP, 10 μg).

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL; ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 4, Issue: 4, Page: 332-340, November - December, 2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Selected isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity against 7 commonly used antibiotics belonging to different groups. 12.52% of isolates were sensitive to the entire seven antibiotic and 21.87% were found to be single antibiotic resistant. 65.61% were resistant to more than two antibiotics.

Knowledge Management: Journal