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Effect of Foliar Application of Iaa and Ga on Sex Expression, Yield Attributes and Yield of Bitter Gourd (momordica Charantia L.)

PERVIN AKTER
Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

M. A. RAHMAN *
Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Three concentrations of each of IAA viz. 2.5 (T₁), 5.0 (T₂) and 10 (T₃) ppm and GA₃ viz. 2.5 (T₄), 5.0 (T₅) and 10 (T₆) ppm were applied as foliar spray on bitter gourd. Results showed a positive stimulatory effect in the increase of female flowers at T₃ where the male to female sex ratio was the lowest. The number of fruits, fresh weight of fruits and yield per plant were also found to be the highest at T₃.

Keywords: Bitter gourd; Sex expression; Yield; IAA; GA3

Location: Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Bitter gourd

Objectives:

The present investigation was undertaken to study effects of foliar spray of different concentration of IAA and GA₃ on the number of female flowers, male to female sex ratio, yield and yield attributes of bitter gourd.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was carried out in Kharif season during 2009 in the department of Botany, University of Chittagong. The seeds of bitter gourd var. Shahparan were collected from the Society Nursery, Chittagong, Bangladesh. There were altogether seven treatments viz. T₀ (Control), T₁-2.5 ppm IAA, T₂-5.0 ppm IAA, T₃-10 ppm IAA, T₄-2.5 ppm GA3, T₅-5.0 ppm GA₃ and T₆-10 ppm GA₃. A trireplicated RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) was maintained in the present investigation. There were 3 pots per treatment and total number of pots was 21. Each pot measures 30 cm × 30 cm and filled up with a mixture of 10 kg loamy soil, 5 kg decomposed cowdung, 200 g T.S.P and 115 g M.P. following Paleda and Chang (2003) and left in sun for 7 days. Five seeds were sown in each pot on March 5, 2009. The average percentage of germination was above 80. After germination three uniform seedlings were kept per pot and the rests were thinned out. Irrigation, weeding and other cultural practices were done as and when required. The above mentioned concentration of IAA and GA₃ were sprayed on a sunny morning when seedlings were at four leaf stage. The control plants (T₀) were sprayed with only distilled water. The number of male and female flowers (opened and bud condition) were counted and continued at 15 days interval till final harvest. The male to female sex ratio was calculated. Node number at which first male and female flowers appeared were also recorded. The fruits of bitter gourd were harvested at marketable stage. The numbers of fruits per plant, fresh weight, length, flesh thickness, cavity, diameter, circumference per fruit were measured just immediately after harvest. The yield per plant was calculated by multiplying the number of fruits per plant and fresh weight per fruit. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to show the significant differences among the treatments.

Source of Information: The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 5(1 &2):55-62, 2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present investigation T₃ concentration was found the most effective for the increase of number of female flowers and decrease of male to female sex ratio where the female flowers appeared at the lowest number of nodes of main vine. The number of fruits per plant and fresh weight per fruit were also found the highest in T₃ which resulted the maximum yield per plant. So, with the use of suitable concentration of IAA and GA₃, keeping all other cultural practices at optimum level, it is possible to manipulate sex expression of bitter gourd and thereby good economic benefit may be achieved by increasing the number of female flowers with ultimate increase in yield.

Knowledge Management: Journal