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A Gis-based Analysis for Increasing Productivity of Rice¬- Wheat Systems in Bangladesh- a Case Study in Biral Upazila, Dianjpur, Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Shahjahan Kabir
SSO
Agricultural Statistics Division, BRRI, Gazipur

Dr. DNR paul
CSO and Head
Agricultural Statistics Division, BRRI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This paper attempts in using GIS techniques to identify the productivity constrains in rice-wheat systems in Biral upazila in Dinajpur district where rice-wheat is the dominant cropping pattern. Fifty four soil samples from wheat crop fields under the rice-wheat cropping pattern were collected and analyzed for some soil nutrients essential for growth of rice and wheat. The sampling points were geo-referenced using Global Positioning System (GPS) and covered almost all land types normally used for rice-wheat cropping. The wheat yield data from the sample fields, inputs used and land tenancy were recorded through farmer’s interview. Maps of edaphic suitability in the upazila were created for rice and wheat cultivation based on soil physical parameters such as land type, soil texture, slope, permeability, consistency, and drainage. Thematic surfaces of yield, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K) and farmers' input use (N, P, K) were constructed using Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) spatial interpolation technique. The interpolated surfaces of the soil nutrients and farmer's fertilizer management were analyzed using reclassification of yield surface into different yield zones. It was found that the Biral soils generally have a low organic matter content, suffer from serious deficit of total N and exchangeable K but are quite rich in available P. The whole of Biral upazila is found to be moderately suitable to suitable for the T Aman-wheat cropping pattern. About 50% of the total land area falls within the highly suitable category for wheat, which was almost double the area highly suitable for T Aman. Irrigation was identified as the most important factor not only for increasing wheat yield but also for increasing the area under the rice-wheat cropping system. Two-three irrigations and appropriate nutrient management, especially application of N, P and K is required for sustaining reasonably high yield of wheat in the rice-wheat system.

Keywords: Productivity, Rice-wheat system, Spatial interpolation, Reclassification.

Location: Biral Upazila in Dinajpur district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-07-2001

End Date: 30-06-2002

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: GIS

Objectives:

To determine the edaphic suitability of the study area for rice-wheat system
To evaluate the area in terms of soil quality (soil chemical properties)
To identify the soil and management constraints to higher productivity of wheat.

Methodology:

The study was limited in Biral Upazila in Dinajpur district, Bangladesh a typical wheat-growing area where relatively early-winter and late-monsoon rain favor wheat cultivation. The base map: The base map of Biral Upazila digitized by BARC- GIS was used for this study. Attribute data on soil physical properties, texture, slope, permeability, consistency, and drainage are available on soil class basis. For the purpose of suitability analysis, a single or a composite category of land type and soil class was assigned to each map unit based on the area under different land types and soil classes. Collection of soil, wheat yield, and farm management data: Soil samples (0-15 cm depth) were collected from 54 farmers' fields during wheat harvest (March 2001) and all of the sampled points were geo-referenced by GPS. The sample fields were, as much as possible, evenly distributed in the study area, covering all land types usually used for rice-wheat cropping. Wheat was harvested from five 1-m × 1-m quadrants randomly selected in each sample field for estimating wheat yield. Farmers were interviewed for information on input use such as N, P and K fertilizers and irrigation for wheat crop in the sample fields. Information on farmers’ status (land tenancy) was also recorded. Each soil sample was analyzed for pH, organic C, total N, available P and K contents, using standard soil analytical procedures in the laboratory of the Soil Science Division of the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Standard extractants and analytical procedures were followed for the analysis of the soil samples. Construction of crop rice-wheat suitability maps: Areas of edaphic suitability for rice and wheat were delineated based on land type and soil physical properties. The criteria used for constructing the suitability maps were the FAO guide lines and expert’s opinion on the influence of each factor on the productivity of rice and wheat. Spatial interpolation Technique: Interpolated surfaces were constructed for grain yield, farmer-applied NPK, and four important soil chemical properties (organic C, total N, and available P and K). Interpolation was done using the ArcView3.2 model builder and the method of interpolation was Inverse Distance Weight (IDW).

Source of Information: BRRI annual report-2001-02, 98-99, BRRI, Gazipur.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Biral soils suffer from serious deficit of total N and exchangeable K but are quite rich in available P. Farmers are not aware of availability of different nutrients from soil source. The Biral Upazila is “suitable” to “moderately suitable” for the T Aman- irrigated wheat cropping system. Irrigation is essential not only for increasing wheat yield but also for increasing the area under the rice-wheat system and appropriate nutrient management; especially application of high N, P and K is required to sustain high productivity of wheat in the system. 2-3 irrigations, application of adequate amount of N and K fertilizers and P only in P-deficient soils to be the best management practice for reasonably good yield of wheat in the rice-wheat system in the Upazila. Future research should aim at assessing the fertilizer needs, doses, application schedules, and evaluating the volumes and timings of irrigation on the rice-wheat system for optimizing the system productivity.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings