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Analysis of Drought in Eastern Part of Bangladesh

Keka Israt A.
Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi

Matin I.
Department of Civil Engineering, RUET

Rahman M.
Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi

Banu D.A.
Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Analysis of drought is very important for the irrigation purpose of a country. In this work analysis of drought in the eastern part of Bangladesh has been studied. Yearly meteorological drought has been analyzed by comparing the yearly rainfall deficiency with the mean yearly rainfall. Yearly drought analysis has also been performed by three climatic indexes. The climatic indexes are De Mortone Aridity Index, IdM; Seleaninov Hydrothermic Index, IhS; and Donciu Climate Index, IcD. With the help of annual rainfall assurance (A%) yearly drought analysis has been performed by the climatic indexes. Monthly drought analysis has been done with the rainfall data, considering average rainfall and minimum rainfall for a month. In this study 17 meteorological stations have been chosen for analysis. Distribution of rainfall, annual variation of rainfall, yearly drought and percentage of drought affected areas has been presented with the help of different figures and tables. Monthly drought analysis shows that generally the month of January, February, March, November and December are drought affected. The month of April faces drought almost every year. May and October face drought occasionally. The months June, July, August and September experience heavy rainfall.

Keywords: Drought, IdM, IhS, IcD and Annual rainfall assurance (A%).

Location: The project area is eastern part of Bangladesh that is selected for drought analysis.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Drought

Objectives:

The following were the main objectives of this study:

To measure the characteristics of rainfall in the study area.
To analyze the drought for individual year on the basis of rainfall.
To analyze yearly drought using climatic indexes.
To analyze the drought for individual months by rainfall.

Methodology:

Different Methods of Drought Analysis: The term drought has different significance in different parts of the world. Different countries have different ways to analysis drought. In order to analyze drought meteorological drought analysis method has been adopted. In this method both yearly and monthly drought analyses have been performed by using the rainfall data. Yearly drought analysis has also performed by three climatic indexes. The climatic indexes are De Mortone Aridity Index, IdM; Seleaninov Hydrothermic Index, IhS; and Donciu Climate Index, IcD. With the help of annual rainfall assurance (A%) yearly drought analysis has been performed by the climatic indexes. The data registered in the meteorological stations were used for the calculation of the climatic indexes. The annual rainfall assurance (A%) has been calculated from appendix. The average rainfall of all years has been determined. Percentage of rainfall for every years of average rainfall has been determined. Deducting percentage value from 150 the annual rainfall assurance (A%) has been found. By putting the value of A in each climatic index equation the value of each climatic index has been determined. By comparing the value of climatic indexes the yearly drought analysis has been performed. Data Collection: There are many meteorological stations in Bangladesh. These stations record various climatologically data such as temperature, pressure, wind, rainfall, relative humidity over a period of years by Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). The daily rainfall data of 17 stations of the eastern part of Bangladesh for 34 years (1971-2004) were collected from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). Study Area: The project area is eastern part of Bangladesh that is selected for drought analysis. 17 meteorological stations were selected for analysis.

Source of Information: DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, JANUARY 2012

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The following conclusions can be drawn from this study: • It is found that from November to March all the study area experiences a drought. Sometimes in the months of April, September and October drought occurred. • Severe drought occurred in 1971, 1973, 1974, 1979, 1980, 1985 and 2003 in the study area of Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar, Kutubdia, Sitakunda, Maizdi Court, Teknaf and Srimongal. • Moderate drought occurred in the years of 1972, 1976, 1981, 1991, 1992, 1994 and 1995 in the study area of Mymensingh, Comilla, Chandpur, Feni and Rangamati. • Sometimes excessive drought occurred in Cox’s Bazar, Kutubdia, Sitakunda and Maizdi Court. • Though the study does not fully state the drought condition it gives a primary idea about the drought condition of the study area to face the drought adaptability and remedial measure for the alleviation of the drought for the reason concerned.

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