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Characterization and Maintenance of Yam (dioscorea Spp.) Germplasm

MD. TARIQUL ISLAM
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur 1701

RAIS UDDIN CHOWDHURY
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur 1701

ROZINA AFROZ
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur 1701

SAJIA RAHMAN
Scientific Officer
Plant Genetic Resources Centre (BARI), Gazipur 1701

MD. MAMTAZUL HAQUE
Former Chief Scientific Officer
Plant Genetic ResourcesCentre (BARI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Fifty-nine germplasm accessions of D. alata L. and one accession of D. bulbifera L. from different districts of Bangladesh were used. Clockwise twining direction was found in D. bulbifera and anti-clockwise twining direction was exhibited in all D. alata germplasm accessions. Potato like aerial tuber was found in D. bulbifera. Round, oval, elongate, flattened to irregular aerial tuber shape were found. Grayed-brown, brown to grayed-orange skin colour with yellow, yellow-orange to grayed-orange of aerial tuber flesh colour were observed among the yam germplasm accessions. Oval-oblong, cylindrical, flattened, corm, rhizome to irregular shape of underground stem or tubers were observed. Low, medium to dense types of spiniess of roots were found on the tubers. Grayed-orange, red to black tuber skin colour along with white, yellowish-white, yellow, yelloworange, red to purple tuber flesh colours were found. Significant variations were also observed in stem shape at base, colour of stem, wing and petiole wing, position of leaf, leaf shape and distance between leaf lobes. Low to high phenotypic diversity was exhibited among the germplasm accessions. The germplasm accessions produced 1 to 30 under ground tubers per plant. The main tuber length ranged from 5.4 to 66.4 cm and breadth from 2.5 to 15.5 cm. The germplasm accessions produced 0.51 kg to 16.45 kg tuber yield per plant. The maximum variability was found in tuber yield per plant (98.74%) and the minimum was found in leaf length (12.55%).The under ground tubers of yam were harvested and replanted at an interval of two to three years from 1995 at PGRC. The plants were grown on bamboo trail in the field genebank. Necessary intercultural operations are done for maintaining the yam germplasm accessions.

Keywords: Dioscorea, Characterization, Phenotypic diversity, Field genebank, Bangladesh

Location: BARI, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-1998

End Date: 00-00-2006

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Yam

Objectives:

(i) To characterize and identify the promising germplasm accessions for varietal improvement programme.

(ii) To maintain the germplasm accessions at the field genebank for future uses by plant breeders and researchers.

Methodology:

Three experiments were conducted with 60 germplasm accessions of yam (Dioscorea spp.) at Plant Genetic Resources Centre of BARI, Gazipur during 1998 to 2006. Forty-two germplasm accessions were collected from 9 districts, namlely Dinajpur, Rangpur, Bogra, Jessore, Mymensingh, Dhaka, Comilla, Chittagong, and Sylhet of Bangladesh on ethnobotanical survey on taro and yam during 1994-95. The remaining germplasm accessions were collected from Rajshahi, Pabna, Chittagong, and Cox's Bazar in 2001. The first, second, and third experiments were planted on 10 April 1998, 15 April 2002, and 27 April 2004 with 42, 60, and 60 germplasm accessions, respectively. Plant to plant spacing of first, second, and third experiment was 3m, 2m, and 4m, respectively. Aerial and under ground tubers were used. Three plants were grown from each accession per plot of 3 pits. Approximately, 10 kg cowdung, 100 g urea, 150 g triple super phosphate and 120 g murate of potash were used in each pit as basal doses. Sufficient loamy soil was added in the pit. The experiment was laid out in a non replicated design. The plants were grown on bamboo trail. All intercultural operations were followed to have a good crop. The aerial and under ground tubers were collected in the month of March 2001, 2004, and 2006 from the first, second, and third experiment, respectively. Different observations were recorded as per Descriptors for Yam (IPGRI, 1997). Chi-square (χ2 ) test was done for each qualitative character. Phenotypic diversity for qualitative traits are determined by using Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index (H'). H' ranges from 0 to 1, where 1 indicates the maximum diversity (Yu Li et al., 1996). H' is defined as: H'= ΣPiLOg2Pi, where Pi is the proportion of the total number of germplasm accessions belonging to ith class. H' (SWDI) classified as low (H'<0.50), medium or intermediate (H'=0.50-0.75) and high (H’≥0.75) based on Jamago (2000). Range, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation for different quantitative characters are calculated.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 605-621, December 2011,ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Clockwise twining direction was found in D. bulbifera and anti-clockwise twining direction was exhibited in all D. alata germplasm accessions. Potato like aerial tuber was found in D. bulbifera. Round, oval, elongate, flattened to irregular aerial tuber shape were found. Grayed-brown, brown to grayed-orange skin colour with yellow, yellow-orange to grayed-orange of aerial tuber flesh colour were observed among the yam germplasm accessions. Oval-oblong, cylindrical, flattened, corm, rhizome to irregular shape of underground stem or tubers were observed. Low, medium to dense types of spiniess of roots were found on the tubers. Grayed-orange, red to black tuber skin colour along with white, yellowish-white, yellow, yelloworange, red to purple tuber flesh colours were found. Significant variations were also observed in stem shape at base, colour of stem, wing and petiole wing, position of leaf, leaf shape and distance between leaf lobes. Low to high phenotypic diversity was exhibited among the germplasm accessions. The germplasm accessions produced 1 to 30 under ground tubers per plant.The germplasm accessions produced 0.51 kg to 16.45 kg tuber yield per plant. The maximum variability was found in tuber yield per plant (98.74%) and the minimum was found in leaf length (12.55%).

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