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Microbial Load in Tannery and Textile Effluents and Their Receiving Rivers of Dhaka

MONIKA DAS
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

MD. KAWSER AHMED*
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

MD. MONIRUL ISLAM
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

FAUZIA BEGUM
Institute of Food Science & Technology, Bangladesh

SAHANA PARVEEN
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

MAHMUDA BEGUM
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of some selected microorganisms in industrial effluents and in the river Buriganga and Karnatoli, which receive the industrial effluents directly from industries, with a view to evaluate the effect of industrial effluents on river. The total viable bacterial count (TVBC) in both tannery and textile effluents were slightly higher in dry season than those of rainy and summer. The TVBC in Buriganga River ranged from 3.4 × 105 to 9.6 × 105, 2.2 × 104 to 1.2 × 105 and 7.2 × 104 to 4.5 × 105 cfu/ml in dry, rainy and summer seasons, respectively, and the TVBC in Karnatoli River ranged from 4.9 × 105 to 5.4 ×106, 1.2 × 105 to 1.0 × 105 and 5.3 × 104 to 3.8 × 105 cfu/ml in dry, rainy and summer seasons, respectively. Pseudomonas spp. in effluents and river water were also slightly higher in dry season than that of rainy and summer seasons due to increase in water level. The total coliform and fecal coliform counts of the industrial effluents and discharge point in the river were always very high, which was >2.4 × 103cfu/100 ml in all seasons as measured by the MPN method. Salmonella, Vibrio and Staphylococcus were frequently isolated from all the sampling points throughout the year with a few exceptions. This study indicates that the water of the river Buriganga and Karnatoli is heavily contaminated with both industrial wastes and domestic sewage materials. The bacteriological state of the water of the rivers is comparable to that of the effluents. The presence of pathogenic organisms may pose health hazards to the users of the river water and also poses risks for the aquatic organisms especially fish of the water bodies.

Keywords: Microbial load, Tannery, Textile effluents, Receiving rivers

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Efluent

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to assess the total bacterial load, harmful bacteria, yeasts and molds in the effluents released from tannery and textile industry and receiving rivers where these effluents are discharged.

Methodology:

The present study was carried out during August, 2006 to August, 2007. Within this period, water samples were collected at two months interval in the morning 8.00 - 9.00 a.m. Samples were collected from three stations from both the two industries of Dhaka City: Tannery (Nur Bhai Tannery, Rayer Bazar) and Textile (Doyel-Complex, Savar). In addition to the discharge pipes of the above industries the water samples were collected from Buriganga and Karnatoli Rivers where effluent was discharged. The study sites included effluents discharge from tannery through discharge pipe (Ta1), water from tannery discharged point into the river near Sikder Medical College, Rayer bazar (Ta2), water from river Buriganga near Gabtoli (Ta3), effluents discharge from textile through discharge pipe (Te1), water from textile discharged point into the river Karnatoli (Te2) and water from river Karnatoli near Mirpur (Te3). At each station water sample was taken in sterilized glass bottle for microbial analysis. The bottle was grasped at the base with one hand and plunged the bottle mouth down into the water to avoid introducing surface scum. The mouth of the bottle was positioned into the current away from the hand. The sampling depth was 15 - 30 cm below the water surface. After removal of the bottle from the water, poured out a small portion of the sample to allow air space of 2.5 - 5 cm above each sample for proper mixing of the sample before analysis. Then the bottles were transferred to laboratory. Temperature of the water was measured through mercury thermometer (°C) on the spot. The samples were transported in an icebox with sufficient ice blocks to maintain the temperature around 4 - 6ºC. The samples were then stored at 4ºC at the refrigerator in the laboratory until use. Bacteriological analyses: The heterotrophic bacteria were counted by the pourplate technique by using PCA agar. Total Pseudomonas was counted by pour-plate technique and confirmed by oxidase-catalase test. The total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria were enumerated by MPN procedures. Nucleated and metalic shining colonies in eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar plates were suspected as E. coli and IMViC tests were done to differentiate E. coli from other coliforms. Salmonella was enriched and isolated from the sample waters by the method described by APHA.(5) Staphylococcus was isolated and enumerated by using Baird Parker agar. Alkaline peptone water (APW) was used commonly for enrichment and isolation of Vibrio. TCBS agar was also used for plating and incubating the microorganism.

Source of Information: Dhaka Univ. J. Bio. Sci. 19(1): 73-81, 2010 (January)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is evident from the present study that the river bodies are highly contaminated regardless of season by bacteria. Presence of coliforms indicates fecal contamination. High bacterial load indicates that the water bodies contain huge amount of organic pollutants. Bacterial load and presence of pathogenic organisms are comparable in both effluent and river water.

Knowledge Management: Journal